{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:57:33Z","timestamp":1772600253115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["643708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["643708"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Feel4Diabetes study is a type 2 diabetes prevention program that recruited 12,193 children [age: 8.20 (\u00b11.01) years] and their parents from six European countries. The current work used pre-intervention data collected from 9576 children\u2013parents pairs, to develop a novel family obesity variable and to examine its associations with family sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Family obesity, defined as the presence of obesity in at least two family members, had a prevalence of 6.6%. Countries under austerity measures (Greece and Spain) displayed higher prevalence (7.6%), compared to low-income (Bulgaria and Hungary: 7%) and high-income countries (Belgium and Finland: 4.5%). Family obesity odds were significantly lower when mothers (OR: 0.42 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.55]) or fathers (0.72 [95% CI: 0.57, 0.92]) had higher education, mothers were fully (0.67 [95% CI: 0.56, 0.81]) or partially employed (0.60 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.81]), families consumed breakfast more often (0.94 [95% CI: 0.91 0.96]), more portions of vegetables (0.90 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.95]), fruits (0.96 [95% CI: 0.92, 0.99]) and wholegrain cereals (0.72 [95% CI: 0.62, 0.83]), and for more physically active families (0.96 [95% CI: 0.93, 0.98]). Family obesity odds increased when mothers were older (1.50 [95% CI: 1.18, 1.91]), with the consumption of savoury snacks (1.11 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.17]), and increased screen time (1.05 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.09]). Clinicians should familiarise themselves with the risk factors for family obesity and choose interventions that target the whole family. Future research should explore the causal basis of the reported associations to facilitate devising tailored family-based interventions for obesity prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T01:35:30Z","timestamp":1678066530000},"page":"1283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Emerging Prevalence of Obesity within Families in Europe and its Associations with Family Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Lifestyle Factors; A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from the Feel4Diabetes Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Siopis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Moschonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyriakos","family":"Reppas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4160-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Iotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Bazdarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Chakurova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imre","family":"Rurik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Hungarian Society of Nutrition, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anette Si","family":"Rad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hungarian Society of Nutrition, 1088 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifes, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4400 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4983-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greet","family":"Cardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5220-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke De","family":"Craemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Wikstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Valve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"De Miguel-Etayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Makrilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Liatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis","family":"Manios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Feel4Diabetes-Study 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