{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:03:04Z","timestamp":1780963384757,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A prospective, randomized, single-center preliminary study was performed in patients with keratoconus stages I\u2013III (Amsler\u2013Krumeich), who received a high rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1000 mg\/day) supplement for 3 months versus untreated patients. One eye per patient was evaluated. Thirty-four patients were recruited (75% men, mean age 31 years), with 15 randomized to the control group and 19 to the DHA-treated group. Corneal topography variables and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status were evaluated. A panel of fatty acids in blood samples was also assessed. There were significant between-group differences in the astigmatism axis, asphericity coefficient, and intraocular pressure in favor of the DHA group. Additionally, between-group significant differences in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), free glutathione (GSH) and GSH\/GSSG ratio, as well as reduced values of inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were found. These preliminary findings support the usefulness of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DHA supplementation for targeting underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of keratoconus. Prolonged duration of DHA supplementation may be needed to detect more noticeable clinical changes in corneal topography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1678153415000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oral Supplementation with a Highly-Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Triglyceride in Patients with Keratoconus: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Peris-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C\/P\u00edo Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Universitat de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Avi\u00f1\u00f3 Peris Eye Clinic, Avenida del Oeste 34, E-46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Vicente","family":"Pi\u00e1-Lude\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C\/P\u00edo Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rog-Revert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C\/P\u00edo Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C\/P\u00edo Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.75876","article-title":"The genetics of keratoconus","volume":"18","author":"Nowak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East Afr. 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