{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:20:36Z","timestamp":1784301636762,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mismatch in signals perceived by the vestibular and visual systems to the brain, also referred to as motion sickness syndrome, has been diagnosed as a challenging condition with no clear mechanism. Motion sickness causes undesirable symptoms during travel and in virtual environments that affect people negatively. Treatments are directed toward reducing conflicting sensory inputs, accelerating the process of adaptation, and controlling nausea and vomiting. The long-term use of current medications is often hindered by their various side effects. Hence, this review aims to identify non-pharmacological strategies that can be employed to reduce or prevent motion sickness in both real and virtual environments. Research suggests that activation of the parasympathetic nervous system using pleasant music and diaphragmatic breathing can help alleviate symptoms of motion sickness. Certain micronutrients such as hesperidin, menthol, vitamin C, and gingerol were shown to have a positive impact on alleviating motion sickness. However, the effects of macronutrients are more complex and can be influenced by factors such as the food matrix and composition. Herbal dietary formulations such as Tianxian and Tamzin were shown to be as effective as medications. Therefore, nutritional interventions along with behavioral countermeasures could be considered as inexpensive and simple approaches to mitigate motion sickness. Finally, we discussed possible mechanisms underlying these interventions, the most significant limitations, research gaps, and future research directions for motion sickness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T01:58:22Z","timestamp":1678240702000},"page":"1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nutritional and Behavioral Countermeasures as Medication Approaches to Relieve Motion Sickness: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-3818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazal","family":"Rahimzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullatif","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PepsiCo Inc., Food Safety and Global Process Authority, 433 W Van Buren St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Travica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT\u2014The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Lacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shady","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Nahavandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"P\u0142awiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ba\u0142tycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-029X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza Chalak","family":"Qazani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houshyar","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00338.2018","article-title":"A comparative study of cybersickness during exposure to virtual reality and \u201cclassic\u201d motion sickness: Are they different?","volume":"125","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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