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We aimed to explore the association between coffee consumption and telomere length. Our study included 468,924 participants from the UK Biobank. Multivariate linear models (observational analyses) were conducted to evaluate the associations of coffee intake, instant coffee intake, and filtered coffee intake with telomere length. In addition, we evaluated the causality of these associations in Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses by four methods (inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), MR-Egger, and weighted median). Observational analyses indicated that coffee intake and instant coffee intake were negatively correlated with telomere length, which was equal to 0.12 year of age-related decrease in telomere length for each additional cup of coffee intake (p &lt; 0.001), and 0.38 year of age-related decrease in telomere length for each additional cup of instant coffee intake (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. There was no significant correlation between filtered coffee and telomere length (p = 0.862). Mendelian randomization analyses supported the results of observational analyses. Coffee intake was found to have a causal effect on telomere length through weighted median analysis (p = 0.022), and instant coffee intake had a causal effect on telomere length through IVW analysis (p = 0.019) and MR-PRESSO analysis (p = 0.028). No causal relationship was found between filtered coffee intake and telomere length (p &gt; 0.05). Coffee intake, particularly instant coffee, was found to have an important role in shortening telomere length.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T02:31:55Z","timestamp":1678674715000},"page":"1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Instant Coffee Is Negatively Associated with Telomere Length: Finding from Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses of UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yudong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0277-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baoming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingqin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingwang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218498","article-title":"Removal of Shelterin Reveals the Telomere End-Protection Problem","volume":"336","author":"Sfeir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-018-9769-1","article-title":"Telomere and Its Role in the Aging Pathways: Telomere Shortening, Cell Senescence and Mitochondria Dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08982","article-title":"Linking Functional Decline of Telomeres, Mitochondria and Stem Cells during Ageing","volume":"464","author":"Sahin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Telomeres Mendelian Randomization Collaboration, Haycock, P.C., Burgess, S., Nounu, A., Zheng, J., Okoli, G.N., Bowden, J., Wade, K.H., Timpson, N.J., and Evans, D.M. 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