{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:40:51Z","timestamp":1784810451545,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2022YFC2702901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702901"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["82273639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273639"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["GXXT-2020-067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-067"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2019PT310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310002"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["ZHYX2020A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYX2020A001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC2702901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702901"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82273639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273639"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GXXT-2020-067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-067"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019PT310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZHYX2020A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYX2020A001"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["2022YFC2702901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702901"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["82273639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273639"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["GXXT-2020-067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-067"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["2019PT310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310002"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["ZHYX2020A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYX2020A001"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2022YFC2702901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702901"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["82273639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273639"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["GXXT-2020-067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-067"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2019PT310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310002"]}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["ZHYX2020A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYX2020A001"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["2022YFC2702901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702901"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["82273639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273639"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["GXXT-2020-067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-067"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["2019PT310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310002"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["ZHYX2020A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYX2020A001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Maternal lack of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy may increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. However, little is known about the relationship between folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and the physical development of offspring in the later stage. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between maternal folic acid supplementation status during pregnancy and the physical development of preschool children. Methods: A total of 3064 mother\u2013child pairs with data on maternal folic acid supplementation status during pregnancy and children\u2019s anthropometric measurements were recruited from the Ma\u2019anshan-Anhui Birth Cohort (MABC) in China. Maternal folic acid supplementation status during pregnancy was the main exposure, and the primary outcomes were children\u2019s growth development trajectories. Children\u2019s growth development trajectories were fitted using group-based trajectory models. The association between maternal folic acid supplementation status during pregnancy and children\u2019s growth trajectories was performed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the absence of maternal folic acid supplementation before pregnancy and in the first trimester was significantly associated with a \u201chigh level\u201d trajectory (trajectory 3) and a \u201chigh rising level\u201d trajectory (trajectory 4) of BMI-Z scores in children 0 to 6 years of age (OR = 1.423, 95%CI:1.022\u20131.982; OR = 1.654, 95%CI: 1.024\u20132.671). In children aged 4 to 6 years old, a \u201chigh level\u201d trajectory (trajectory 3) of body fat ratio was substantially related to maternal no folic acid supplementation before pregnancy and in the first trimester (OR = 1.833, 95%CI:1.037\u20133.240). No significant additional benefits associated with physical developmental indicators in preschool children have been observed with continued folic acid supplementation after the first trimester of gestation. Conclusions: Maternal non-supplementation with folic acid during pregnancy is associated with a \u201chigh level\u201d BMI trajectory and a \u201chigh level\u201d body fat ratio trajectory in preschool-aged children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1678934411000},"page":"1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Peri-Conceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Children\u2019s Physical Development: A Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangbiao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key 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