{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:37:09Z","timestamp":1791110229270,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPO s.r.l. (MI) Italy"},{"name":"MIUR \u201cProgetto Eccellenza\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an etiologic factor of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Virulent strains of H. pylori are correlated with the severity of gastritis, due to NF-\u03baB activation and IL-8 expression at the epithelial level. Ellagitannins have been documented for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, thus suggesting their potential use in gastritis. Recently, several authors, including our group, demonstrated that tannin-rich extracts from chestnut byproducts, at present considered agricultural waste, display promising biological activities. In this work, we detected high levels of polyphenols in hydroalcoholic extracts from chestnut leaves (Castanea sativa L.). Among polyphenols, the ellagitannin isomers castalagin and vescalagin (about 1% w\/w of dry extract) were identified as potential bioactive compounds. In GES-1 cells infected by H. pylori, leaf extract and pure ellagitannins inhibited IL-8 release (IC50 \u2248 28 \u00b5g\/mL and 11 \u00b5M, respectively). Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory activity was partly due to attenuation of NF-\u03baB signaling. Moreover, the extract and pure ellagitannins reduced bacterial growth and cell adhesion. A simulation of the gastric digestion suggested that the bioactivity might be maintained after oral administration. At the transcriptional level, castalagin downregulated genes involved in inflammatory pathways (NF-\u03baB and AP-1) and cell migration (Rho GTPase). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation in which ellagitannins from plant extracts have demonstrated a potential role in the interaction among H. pylori and human gastric epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T04:48:01Z","timestamp":1679374081000},"page":"1504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Ellagitannins from Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf Extracts Impair H. pylori Viability and Infection-Induced Inflammation in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Piazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0742-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2107-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carola","family":"Pozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Maranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Giavarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences \u201cRodolfo Paoletti\u201d, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio Castanicoltori di Brinzio, Orino e Castello Cabiaglio, Societ\u00e0 Cooperativa Agricola-Varese, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Nicotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estratti Piante Officinali (E.P.O.) 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