{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:10:26Z","timestamp":1788502226997,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Apsen Farmac\u00eautica company","award":["A\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychobiotics are probiotics that have the characteristics of modulating central nervous system (CNS) functions or reconciled actions by the gut\u2013brain axis (GBA) through neural, humoral and metabolic pathways to improve gastrointestinal activity as well as anxiolytic and even antidepressant abilities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the gut microbiota of mildly anxious adults using SHIME\u00ae. The protocol included a one-week control period and two weeks of treatment with L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175. Ammonia (NH4+), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cytokines and microbiota composition were determined. Probiotic strains decreased significantly throughout the gastric phase. The highest survival rates were exhibited by L. helveticus R0052 (81.58%; 77.22%) after the gastric and intestinal phase when compared to B. longum (68.80%; 64.64%). At the genus level, a taxonomic assignment performed in the ascending colon in the SHIME\u00ae model showed that probiotics (7 and 14 days) significantly (p &lt; 0.005) increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Olsenella and significantly decreased Lachnospira and Escheria-Shigella. The probiotic treatment (7 and 14 days) decreased (p &lt; 0.001) NH4+ production when compared to the control period. For SCFAs, we observed after probiotic treatment (14 days) an increase (p &lt; 0.001) in acetic acid production and total SCFAs when compared to the control period. Probiotic treatment increased (p &lt; 0.001) the secretion of anti-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-10) and decreased (p &lt; 0.001) pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) when compared to the control period. The gut\u2013brain axis plays an important role in the gut microbiota, producing SCFAs and GABA, stimulating the production of anti-anxiety homeostasis. The signature of the microbiota in anxiety disorders provides a promising direction for the prevention of mental illness and opens a new perspective for using the psychobiotic as a main actor of therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:00:01Z","timestamp":1679464801000},"page":"1521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Exploring the Potential of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 as Promising Psychobiotics Using SHIME"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0844-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fellipe Lopes","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, Campus Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6822-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus Kawata","family":"Salga\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, Campus Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Toscano","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Araraquara\u2014UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM, UMR-S 1139 (3PHM), Faculty of Pharmacy, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Food and Human Nutrition Research Group, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medell\u00edn 050010, Antioquia, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1763-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adilson","family":"Sartoratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CPQBA-UNICAMP, Paul\u00ednia 13148-218, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8470-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Medeiros","family":"Peregrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Department, Pernambuco State University (UPE), Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6072-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Williams Santos","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APSEN Farmac\u00eautica, Department of Medical Affairs, Santo Amaro 04753-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Sivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Food Engineering, Campus Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"University of Araraquara\u2014UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2021). 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