{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:28:00Z","timestamp":1788211680787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the chemical and nutritional composition of rice before and after cooking and (ii) postprandial glycemic impacts in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) after eating two different types of rice (\u201cGigante Vercelli\u201d white rice and \u201cArtemide\u201d black rice) or white rice cooked \u201crisotto\u201d style or boiled using an advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) system (Tandem Control-IQTM). General composition and spectrophotometric analyses of raw and cooked rice were performed. Eight T1D subjects (four males and four females, aged 11 \u00b1 1.4 years), two with celiac disease (CD), using an AHCL system were enrolled. \u201cGigante Vercelli\u201d white rice cooked as risotto or boiled and boiled \u201cArtemide\u201d rice were prepared by the same cook on two evenings. Continuous glucose monitoring metrics were evaluated for 12 h after meal consumption. Total dietary fiber was higher for both rice types after cooking compared with raw rice. Cooking as risotto increased polyphenols and antioxidants (p &lt; 0.05) in both rice varieties, and total starch decreased after boiling (p &lt; 0.05) in white rice. There was a significant peak in glycemia after consuming risotto and boiled white rice (p &lt; 0.05), while the mean glycemic peak remained &lt;180 mg\/dL in individuals eating boiled Artemide rice. There were no significant differences in automatic basal or auto-bolus insulin deliveries by the AHCL according to different types of rice or cooking method. Our findings suggest that glycemic trends are impacted by the different chemical and nutritional profiles of rice but are nevertheless well controlled by AHCL systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T03:32:25Z","timestamp":1680060745000},"page":"1654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Impact of Different Types of Rice and Cooking on Postprandial Glycemic Trends in Children with Type 1 Diabetes with or without Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Colasanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Savastio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, V. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, V. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Gorla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, V. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5456-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Daniel","family":"Co\u00efsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Arlorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Rabbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, V. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, C., Louren\u00e7o, V.M., Menezes, R., and Brites, C. (2021). Rice Compounds with Impact on Diabetes Control. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10091992"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colasanto, A., Travaglia, F., Bordiga, M., Monteduro, S., Arlorio, M., Co\u00efsson, J., and Locatelli, M. (2021). Cooking of Artemide Black Rice: Impact on Proximate Composition and Phenolic Compounds. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10040824"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitalini, S., Sardella, A., Fracassetti, D., Secli, R., Tirelli, A., Lodi, G., Carrassi, A., Varoni, E.M., and Iriti, M. (2020). Polyphenol Bioavailability and Plasma Antiradical Capacity in Healthy Subjects after Acute Intake of Pigmented Rice: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103209"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-015-1085-8","article-title":"Genetic analysis of durable resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in the rice accession Gigante Vercelli identified two blast resistance loci","volume":"291","author":"Urso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008697728788","article-title":"Characterisation of the European pathogen population of Magnaporthe grisea by DNA fingerprinting and pathotype analysis","volume":"103","author":"Roumen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"233","article-title":"Assessment of genetic diversity in Italian rice germplasm related to agronomic traits and blast resistance (Magnaporthe oryzae)","volume":"27","author":"Bruschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Death and rebirth of a sustainable resource: The lands of water and \u201cGigante Vercelli\u201d rice","volume":"23","author":"Porporato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Antropol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.03.007","article-title":"Phenolics characterization and antioxidant activity of six different pigmented Oryza sativa L. cultivars grown in Piedmont (Italy)","volume":"65","author":"Bordiga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0515","article-title":"Associated auto-immune disease in type 1 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Nederstigt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13445","article-title":"ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Other complications and associated conditions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Elbarbary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eland, I., Klieverik, L., Mansour, A.A., and Al-Toma, A. (2022). Gluten-Free Diet in Co-Existent Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is It Detrimental or Beneficial to Glycemic Control, Vascular Complications, and Quality of Life?. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010199"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110032","article-title":"The impact of gluten-free diet on growth, metabolic control and quality of life in youth with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: A systematic review","volume":"191","author":"Mozzillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab233","article-title":"International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: A systematic review","volume":"114","author":"Atkinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.717976","article-title":"The Glycemic Index of Rice and Rice Products: A Review, and Table of GI Values","volume":"56","author":"Kaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004736","article-title":"A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Breton","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30167-5","article-title":"Effect of artificial pancreas systems on glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient randomised controlled trials","volume":"5","author":"Weisman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14491","article-title":"Effectiveness of a closed-loop control system and a virtual educational camp for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A prospective, multicentre, real-life study","volume":"23","author":"Cherubini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2005.7.233","article-title":"Optimal Insulin Pump Dosing and Postprandial Glycemia Following a Pizza Meal Using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0191","article-title":"Demystifying the Pizza Bolus: The Effect of Dough Fermentation on Glycemic Response\u2014A Sensor-Augmented Pump Intervention Trial in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Zanfardino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602937","article-title":"Nutritional characterization and measurement of dietary carbohydrates","volume":"61","author":"Englyst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1389-6","article-title":"An integrated procedure for the measurement of total dietary fibre (including resistant starch), non-digestible oligosaccharides and available carbohydrates","volume":"389","author":"McCleary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601314","article-title":"Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (6\u201320 y)","volume":"56","author":"Cacciari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001841","article-title":"A systematic review of the influence of rice characteristics and processing methods on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses","volume":"114","author":"Boers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"620","article-title":"Effect of cooling of cooked white rice on resistant starch content and glycemic response","volume":"24","author":"Sonia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2005.12.001","article-title":"Effect of partial gelatinization and retrogradation on the enzymatic digestion of waxy rice starch","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cereal Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600","article-title":"International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring","volume":"40","author":"Danne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/7\/1654\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:05:43Z","timestamp":1760123143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/7\/1654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15071654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15071654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]}}}