{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:58Z","timestamp":1787029198828,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GUP-2021-060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUP-2021-060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), which underpins the concept of low energy availability (LEA), can negatively affect athletes\u2019 health and performance. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of RED-S among national athletes in Malaysia. A total of 192 national athletes (97 males, 18\u201339 years old) responded to an online survey regarding the RED-S risk. Most athletes (67.2%) were classified as having a medium\/high RED-S risk. Female (41.2%), weight-class (23.9%), and intermittent sports (20.3%) had the highest prevalence of medium\/high RED-S risk. Overall, most athletes spent 2\u20135 h daily (55.2%) and 6\u20137 days weekly (53.6%) practicing or playing their sport, and 47.9% reported feeling tired recently. The athletes were also terrified of being overweight (61.5%), worried about what they eat (64.7%), concerned about having fat on their bodies (62.6%), and thinking about burning calories while exercising (69.3%). Only 16.7% of the athletes had a prior history of stress fractures, and 40.6% continued to participate in activities 6\u20137 days per week while injured. The majority of female athletes (88.3%) had regular menstrual cycles. These findings support the notion that RED-S screening should be addressed in the athletic community. Future research is needed to clinically assess these athletes and investigate the impacts of RED-S on their health and sports performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:37:02Z","timestamp":1680226622000},"page":"1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Irfan Haiqal","family":"Marzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Izham","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Nutrition Centre, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Jin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Nutrition Centre, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor M. F.","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nik Shanita","family":"Safii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmiza Khuzairi","family":"Jasme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Centre, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Aini","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002540","article-title":"Low energy availability, plasma lipids, and hormonal profiles of recreational athletes","volume":"32","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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