{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1768894288462,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory systemic disease with skin tropism and chronic relapsing course; it is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk and with many metabolic comorbidities, emerging during childhood in 22\u201333% of cases. Diet influences the presentation and the clinical course of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis; in particular, it was shown that a Mediterranean, gluten-free, or low-calorie diet may positively affect disease control in adult patients with psoriasis and adequate pharmacological therapy. These three dietary regimens may play a role also in children with psoriasis. It has been demonstrated that pediatric psoriasis is associated with psychological stress, celiac disease, and obesity, which may be positively influenced by these dietary regimens, respectively. Therefore, the expertise of multiple health figures (gastroenterologists, nutritionists, pediatricians, dermatologists) is required to plan a tailor-made dietary strategy, ensuring good growth, through an adequate intake of essential micro- and macronutrients and, at the same time, impacting the pro-inflammatory biochemical profile and on the associated cardiovascular risk of psoriasis disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:37:02Z","timestamp":1680226622000},"page":"1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Role of Diet in Children with Psoriasis: Emerging Evidence and Current Issues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"De Simoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Rizzetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Molinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Capodaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cardiology and UTIC, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Offidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S328581","article-title":"Dietary Intervention and Supplements in the Management of Psoriasis: Current Perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psoriasis Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.12.012","article-title":"VEGF, survivin and NOS overexpression in psoriatic skin: Critical role of nitric oxide synthases","volume":"54","author":"Simonetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e13091","article-title":"Adalimumab in severe plaque psoriasis of childhood: A multi-center, retrospective real-life study up to 52 weeks observation","volume":"32","author":"Bianchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purzycka-Bohdan, D., Nedoszytko, B., Zab\u0142otna, M., Gle\u0144, J., Szczerkowska-Dobosz, A., and Nowicki, R.J. (2022). Chemokine Profile in Psoriasis Patients in Correlation with Disease Severity and Pruritus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113330"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0539-8","article-title":"Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Mahil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12859","article-title":"Subclinical systemic and vascular inflammation detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography in patients with mild psoriasis","volume":"42","author":"Youn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15149","article-title":"Increased global arterial and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis","volume":"176","author":"Hjuler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18245","article-title":"Management of psoriasis as a systemic disease: What is the evidence?","volume":"182","author":"Korman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152096","article-title":"Cardiovascular and disease-related features associated with extra-articular manifestations in axial spondyloarthritis. A multicenter study of 888 patients","volume":"57","author":"Genre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marani, A., Rizzetto, G., Radi, G., Molinelli, E., Capodaglio, I., Offidani, A., and Simonetti, O. (2022). Metabolic Comorbidities and Cardiovascular Disease in Pediatric Psoriasis: A Narrative Review. Healthcare, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071190"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.1078","article-title":"Association of pediatric psoriasis severity with excess and central adiposity: An international cross-sectional study","volume":"149","author":"Paller","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.324","article-title":"Excess Adiposity Preceding Pediatric Psoriasis","volume":"150","author":"Becker","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932893","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.932893","article-title":"Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back","volume":"13","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2013-0053","article-title":"The role of leptin\/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes","volume":"18","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsiroukidou, K., Hatziagorou, E., Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Vamvakis, A., Kontouli, K., Tzimos, C., Tsanakas, J., and Spiliotis, B.E. (2021). Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicted by Fibrinogen and Leptin Concentrations in Children with Obesity and Risk for Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study and a ROC Curve Analysis. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020674"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13014","article-title":"Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome in children: Current data","volume":"42","author":"Pietrzak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.2127","article-title":"Association Between Mediterranean Anti-inflammatory Dietary Profile and Severity of Psoriasis","volume":"154","author":"Phan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e589","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17318","article-title":"Prevalence of psoriasis in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Caroppo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2816","article-title":"Central Obesity in Children with Psoriasis","volume":"98","author":"Guidolin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01976-z","article-title":"Plasma oxidation status and antioxidant capacity in psoriatic children","volume":"312","author":"Bacchetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mameli, C., Mazzantini, S., and Zuccotti, G.V. (2016). Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: The Origin of Childhood Obesity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090838"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikeda, K., Morizane, S., Akagi, T., Hiramatsu-Asano, S., Tachibana, K., Yahagi, A., Iseki, M., Kaneto, H., Wada, J., and Ishihara, K. (2022). Obesity and Dyslipidemia Synergistically Exacerbate Psoriatic Skin Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084312"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsimbri, P., Korakas, E., Kountouri, A., Ikonomidis, I., Tsougos, E., Vlachos, D., Papadavid, E., Raptis, A., and Lambadiari, V. (2021). The Effect of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Diet on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Phenotype: Nutrition as Therapeutic Tool?. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020157"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa398","article-title":"Maternal diet in pregnancy is associated with differences in child body mass index trajectories from birth to adolescence","volume":"113","author":"Aris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.1412","article-title":"Dietary recommendations for adults with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis from the medical board of the national psoriasis foundation","volume":"154","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2020.98284","article-title":"Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the \u201comic\u201d era. Part III. Metabolic disorders, metabolomics, nutrigenomics in psoriasis in psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Nedoszytko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dopytalska, K., Ciechanowicz, P., Wiszniewski, K., Szyma\u0144ska, E., and Walecka, I. (2021). The Role of Epigenetic Factors in Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179294"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.12.007","article-title":"The critical period of infant feeding for the development of early disparities in obesity","volume":"97","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blundell-Birtill, P., and Hetherington, M.M. (2019). Determinants of Portion Size in Children and Adolescents: Insights from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008\u20132016). Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122957"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2015.0220","article-title":"The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Childhood Obesity","volume":"12","author":"Pihl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child. Obes."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garbicz, J., Ca\u0142yniuk, B., G\u00f3rski, M., Buczkowska, M., Piecuch, M., Kulik, A., and Rozentryt, P. (2021). Nutritional Therapy in Persons Suffering from Psoriasis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010119"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2021.1959500","article-title":"Dietary habits and perceptions of psoriatic patients: Mediterranean versus Asian diets","volume":"33","author":"Ingkapairoj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Incidence and Prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Parisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01578.x","article-title":"Healthy Traditional Mediterranean Diet: An Expression of Culture, History, and Lifestyle","volume":"55","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrea, L., Nappi, F., Di Somma, C., Savanelli, M.C., Falco, A., Balato, A., Balato, N., and Savastano, S. (2016). Environmental Risk Factors in Psoriasis: The Point of View of the Nutritionist. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070743"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-014-0372-1","article-title":"Nutrition and psoriasis: Is there any association between the severity of the disease and adherence to the Mediterranean diet?","volume":"13","author":"Barrea","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nani, A., Murtaza, B., Khan, A.S., Khan, N., and Hichami, A. (2021). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040985"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massini, G., Capra, N., Buganza, R., Nyffenegger, A., de Sanctis, L., and Guardamagna, O. (2022). Mediterranean Dietary Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Children: Should It Be an Option?. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071344"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero-Robles, M.A., Ccami-Bernal, F., Ortiz-Benique, Z.N., Pinto-Ruiz, D.F., Benites-Zapata, V.A., and Pati\u00f1o, D.C. (2022). Adherence to Mediterranean diet associated with health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: A systematic review. BMC Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-022-00549-0"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juton, C., Berruezo, P., Rajmil, L., Lerin, C., F\u00edto, M., Homs, C., Seg\u00fan, G., G\u00f3mez, S.F., and Schr\u00f6der, H. (2022). Prospective Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245304"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113994","article-title":"Celiac Disease","volume":"367","author":"Fasano","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.11.039","article-title":"Association between psoriasis and celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Acharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.162","article-title":"Psoriasis in a Nationwide Cohort Study of Patients with Celiac Disease","volume":"131","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.017","article-title":"Diet and psoriasis, part II: Celiac disease and role of a gluten-free diet","volume":"71","author":"Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03240.x","article-title":"Psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin can be improved by a gluten-free diet","volume":"142","author":"Hagforsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-017-0597-2","article-title":"Going Gluten Free: The History and Nutritional Implications of Today\u2019s Most Popular Diet","volume":"19","author":"Newberry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4040243","article-title":"Celiac Disease, Inflammation and Oxidative Damage: A Nutrigenetic Approach","volume":"4","author":"Ferretti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Volta","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2478\/ahem-2022-0039","article-title":"Effect of diet and weight loss on the severity of psoriasis","volume":"76","author":"Szepietowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Hig. Med. Do\u015bwiadczalnej"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.09.017","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of anti-gliadin antibodies in Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) patients: A dual statistical approach","volume":"451","author":"Infantino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, L., and Zhang, J. (2017). Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases. BMC Immunol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-016-0187-3"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.007","article-title":"Gluten intake and risk of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis among United States women","volume":"82","author":"Drucker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2014.900541","article-title":"The effect of weight reduction on treatment outcomes in obese patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy: A randomized controlled prospective trial","volume":"14","author":"Nour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09593.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and comorbidity of psoriasis in children","volume":"162","author":"Augustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2014.2291","article-title":"Cardiovascular comorbidities in childhood psoriasis","volume":"24","author":"Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12218","article-title":"Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Psoriatic Disease","volume":"30","author":"Goldminz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000247421","article-title":"Plasma Lipid Changes in Psoriatic Children","volume":"185","author":"Simonetti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199305000-00017","article-title":"Changes of Plasma Lipids and Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity in Psoriatic Children","volume":"33","author":"Ferretti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonetti, O., Bacchetti, T., Ferretti, G., Molinelli, E., Rizzetto, G., Bellachioma, L., and Offidani, A. (2021). Oxidative Stress and Alterations of Paraoxonases in Atopic Dermatitis. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050697"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.5114\/dr.2017.71834","article-title":"The role of lipids in psoriasis","volume":"104","author":"Baran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.016","article-title":"Diet and psoriasis, part III: Role of nutritional supplements","volume":"71","author":"Millsop","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.5114\/dr.2017.68778","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of omega-3 fatty acids in psoriasis","volume":"3","author":"Adil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"838","article-title":"Supplementation with omega fatty acids in various diseases","volume":"69","author":"Pytel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Hyg. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0658-y","article-title":"Nutrition: A key environmental dietary factor in clinical severity and cardio-metabolic risk in psoriatic male patients evaluated by 7-day food-frequency questionnaire","volume":"13","author":"Barrea","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrea, L., Fabbrocini, G., Annunziata, G., Muscogiuri, G., Donnarumma, M., Marasca, C., Colao, A., and Savastano, S. (2018). Role of Nutrition and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in the Multidisciplinary Approach of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Its Association with Severity of Disease. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010057"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1159-3","article-title":"Kinetics of circulating Th17 cytokines and adipokines in psoriasis patients","volume":"303","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i6.843","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in celiac disease","volume":"12","author":"Abenavoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90142-8","article-title":"Modulation of epidermal cell division and growth by oxygenation products of arachidonic acid","volume":"74","author":"Kragballe","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021052598","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052598","article-title":"Vegetarian Diet, Growth, and Nutrition in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study","volume":"149","author":"Elliott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2023, March 15). Available online: https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/topics\/topic\/dietary-reference-values."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00842-3","article-title":"Selenium nanoparticles produce a beneficial effect in psoriasis by reducing epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Gangadevi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12580","article-title":"Approaches to nutrition intervention in plaque psoriasis, a multi-system inflammatory disease\u2014The Diet and Psoriasis Project (DIEPP)","volume":"47","author":"Zanesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","article-title":"Flavonoids: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Panche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1315S","article-title":"Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids as antioxidants","volume":"62","author":"Sies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Keogh, J., and Clifton, P.M. (2018). Nuts and Cardio-Metabolic Disease: A Review of Meta-Analyses. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121935"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.111630","article-title":"A fish a day, keeps the cardiologist away!-A review of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the cardiovascular system","volume":"17","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04374.x","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Nutrition or pharmacology?","volume":"75","author":"Calder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9411-6","article-title":"Vitamin D and its role in psoriasis: An overview of the dermatologist and nutritionist","volume":"18","author":"Barrea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","article-title":"The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease","volume":"23","author":"Makki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eubiosis and dysbiosis: The two sides of the microbiota","volume":"39","author":"Iebba","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2021.12.001","article-title":"Clinical Relevance of the Microbiome in Pediatric Skin Disease: A Review","volume":"40","author":"Monir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12607","article-title":"Psoriasis and Sport: A New Ally?","volume":"29","author":"Balato","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad Dermatol. Venereol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/7\/1705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:07:48Z","timestamp":1760123268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/7\/1705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15071705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15071705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}