{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T06:26:20Z","timestamp":1781504780694,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a protein source, chia contains high concentrations of bioactive peptides. Probiotics support a healthy digestive tract and immune system. Our study evaluated the effects of the intra-amniotic administration of the hydrolyzed chia protein and the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on intestinal bacterial populations, the intestinal barrier, the inflammatory response, and brush border membrane functionality in ovo (Gallus gallus). Fertile broiler (Gallus gallus) eggs (n = 9\/group) were divided into 5 groups: (NI) non-injected; (H2O) 18 M\u03a9 H2O; (CP) 10 mg\/mL hydrolyzed chia protein; (CPP) 10 mg\/mL hydrolyzed chia protein + 106 colony-forming unit (CFU) L. paracasei; (P) 106 CFU L. paracasei. The intra-amniotic administration was performed on day 17 of incubation. At hatching (day 21), the animals were euthanized, and the duodenum and cecum content were collected. The probiotic downregulated the gene expression of NF-\u03ba\u03b2, increased Lactobacillus and E. coli, and reduced Clostridium populations. The hydrolyzed chia protein downregulated the gene expression of TNF-\u03b1, increased OCLN, MUC2, and aminopeptidase, reduced Bifidobacterium, and increased Lactobacillus. The three experimental groups improved in terms of intestinal morphology. The current results suggest that the intra-amniotic administration of the hydrolyzed chia protein or a probiotic promoted positive changes in terms of the intestinal inflammation, barrier, and morphology, improving intestinal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T02:02:33Z","timestamp":1681178553000},"page":"1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of Intra-Amniotic Administration of the Hydrolyzed Protein of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, and Bacterial Populations, In Vivo (Gallus gallus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marcella Duarte Villas","family":"Mishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9rcia Stampini Duarte","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9193-317X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai","family":"Kolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drashti Dhirenkumar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Grancieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. Purdue, s\/n, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Maria Olbrich","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agroind\u00fastria de Alimentos, Av. das Am\u00e9ricas 29.501, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9465-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine Passos","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Agroind\u00fastria de Alimentos, Av. das Am\u00e9ricas 29.501, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara Pereira","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Av. 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