{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:15:00Z","timestamp":1791342900265,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01ES028125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES028125"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["320162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320162"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["308552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308552"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland INVEST Flagship","award":["R01ES028125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES028125"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland INVEST Flagship","award":["320162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320162"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland INVEST Flagship","award":["308552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308552"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Health from Cohorts and Biobanks Programme","award":["R01ES028125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES028125"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Health from Cohorts and Biobanks Programme","award":["320162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320162"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland Health from Cohorts and Biobanks Programme","award":["308552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308552"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the association between maternal serum vitamin B12 levels during early pregnancy and offspring autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and subtypes. Based on a Finnish national birth cohort, case offspring (n = 1558) born in 1987\u20132007 and diagnosed with ASD by 2015 were matched with one control on date of birth, sex and place of birth. Maternal vitamin B12 levels were measured during first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. High maternal vitamin B12 levels (\u226581th percentile) was associated with increased risk for offspring childhood autism, adjusted odds ratio, 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.06\u20132.41 (p = 0.026). No significant associations were observed between maternal vitamin B12 levels and offspring Asperger\u2019s or pervasive developmental disorder\/NOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15082009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T10:11:25Z","timestamp":1682071885000},"page":"2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Maternal Serum Vitamin B12 during Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andre","family":"Sourander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanju","family":"Silwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helj\u00e4-Marja","family":"Surcel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Hinkka-Yli-Salom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6126-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subina","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, INVEST Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian W.","family":"McKeague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keely","family":"Cheslack-Postava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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