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Objective: We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. Design: The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight\/obesity (age 25\u201370 year; BMI \u2265 25 kg\u22c5m\u22122) and with\/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat. Results: Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p &lt; 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p &lt; 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p &lt; 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T01:16:25Z","timestamp":1682471785000},"page":"2083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Sugars and Glycaemic Index with Indices of Glucose Metabolism and Body Fatness during 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance: A PREVIEW Sub-Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Della Corte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9987-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elli","family":"Jalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6812-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niina E.","family":"Kaartinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liz","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moira A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roslyn","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Raben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8110-102X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Fogelholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennie","family":"Brand-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045","volume":"138","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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