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Animal experiments have demonstrated the relationship between gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and embryo quality. However, few studies have linked SCFAs to clinical pregnancy outcomes in humans. This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 147 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF\/ICSI-ET) (70 with no pregnancies and 77 with clinical pregnancies). The association between SCFAs levels and clinical pregnancy outcomes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The association between SCFAs and metabolic parameters was analyzed using a linear regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for assessing the efficiency of SCFAs to evaluate the clinical pregnancy outcomes. Fecal propionate levels were significantly higher in the no pregnancy group than in the clinical pregnancy group (p &lt; 0.01). Fecal acetate and butyrate levels were not significantly different between females with and without clinical pregnancies (p &gt; 0.05). There were positive relationships between fecal propionate levels and fasting serum insulin (FSI) (r = 0.245, p = 0.003), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.276, p = 0.001), and triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.254, p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses determined that fecal propionate (OR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.045\u20131.164; p &lt; 0.001) was an independent risk factor for no pregnancies. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of fecal propionate was 0.702 (p &lt; 0.001), with a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 79.2%. High fecal propionate concentration has a negative association on clinical pregnancy outcomes and is positively correlated with FSI, TG, and HOMA-IR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:08:31Z","timestamp":1682942911000},"page":"2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gut Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Are Associated with Clinical Pregnancy Outcome in Women Undergoing IVF\/ICSI-ET: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Germountx Company, Beijing 102200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Center for Medical Genomics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, China Medical University, National Health Commission, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2015). 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