{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:45:29Z","timestamp":1788547529474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MH330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MH330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21330089963007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21330089963007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MH330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MH330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21330089963007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21330089963007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qilu Young Scholar\u2019s Program of Shandong University","award":["82272601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272601"]}]},{"name":"Qilu Young Scholar\u2019s Program of Shandong University","award":["ZR2021MH330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MH330"]}]},{"name":"Qilu Young Scholar\u2019s Program of Shandong University","award":["21330089963007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21330089963007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quercetin is a natural flavonoid widely found in natural fruits and vegetables. Recent studies have shown that quercetin mediates multiple beneficial effects in a variety of organ damage and diseases, and is considered a healthcare supplement with health-promoting potential. Male infertility is a major health concern, and testicular damage from multiple causes is an important etiology. Previous studies have shown that quercetin has a protective effect on reproductive function. This may be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic biological activities of quercetin. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms by which quercetin exerts its pharmacological activity and its role in testicular damage induced by various etiologies. In addition, this paper compiles the application of quercetin in clinical trials, demonstrating its practical effects in regulating blood pressure and inhibiting cellular senescence in human patients. However, more in-depth experimental studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm the true value of quercetin for the prevention and protection against testicular injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T01:06:28Z","timestamp":1683594388000},"page":"2231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Pharmacological Activity of Flavonoid Quercetin and Its Therapeutic Potential in Testicular Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7237-1","article-title":"Polyphenolic phytochemicals\u2014Just antioxidants or much more?","volume":"64","author":"Stevenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0675-5","article-title":"Polyphenols and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Somerville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12629","article-title":"Evaluation of the status quo of polyphenols analysis: Part I-phytochemistry, bioactivity, interactions, and industrial uses","volume":"19","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7730","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1917508","article-title":"Absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of flavonoids: A review","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21740","article-title":"Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review","volume":"41","author":"Rufino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S., Luo, Y., Liu, B., Guo, T., Qin, D., and Luo, F. (2022). Dietary flavonoids prevent diabetes through epigenetic regulation: Advance and challenge. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2097637"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112887","article-title":"Total flavonoids from Anchusa italica Retz. Improve cardiac function and attenuate cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"257","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1763910","article-title":"Targeting epigenetics in cancer: Therapeutic potential of flavonoids","volume":"61","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7043213","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7043213","article-title":"Flavonoids as Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidences","volume":"2018","author":"Diniz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009","article-title":"The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates","volume":"194","author":"Rengasamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.01.001","article-title":"Flavonoids and the gastrointestinal tract: Local and systemic effects","volume":"61","author":"Oteiza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000527262","article-title":"Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Flavonoids in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"108","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114005","article-title":"Induction of autophagy via the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway by Pueraria flavonoids improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice","volume":"157","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104756","article-title":"Interplay between male reproductive system dysfunction and the therapeutic effect of flavonoids","volume":"147","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.07.006","article-title":"Linking sleep disturbance to idiopathic male infertility","volume":"42","author":"Palnitkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.08.014","article-title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2021 Update on Male Infertility","volume":"80","author":"Minhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., Chaudhry, M.T., Wang, S., Liu, H., and Yin, Y. (2016). Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030167"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5352","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7144","article-title":"Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: A review","volume":"35","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689044","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.689044","article-title":"Potential Implications of Quercetin in Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913569","article-title":"Design and optimization of quercetin-based functional foods","volume":"62","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.03.046","article-title":"Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin","volume":"269","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943321","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.943321","article-title":"Therapeutic application of quercetin in aging-related diseases: SIRT1 as a potential mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999752","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.999752","article-title":"Promising bioactive properties of quercetin for potential food applications and health benefits: A review","volume":"9","author":"Shabir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, A.A., Tatarskiy, V., and Kalinina, E. (2022). Synthetic Pathways and the Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin and Curcumin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214413"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1683810","article-title":"A minireview of quercetin: From its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities","volume":"60","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current State of Knowledge on the Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Polyphenolic Compounds","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"and Maurya, P. (2022). K. Health Benefits of Quercetin in Age-Related Diseases. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082498"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2007.04.001","article-title":"Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, modulates endothelium-derived nitric oxide bioavailability in diabetic rat aortas","volume":"16","author":"Machha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00818","article-title":"Theoretical Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin Oxidation Products","volume":"7","author":"Osorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2019.07.002","article-title":"Quercetin protects human granulosa cells against oxidative stress via thioredoxin system","volume":"19","author":"Rashidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, C., Zhang, Q., Shen, L., Sharma, G., Jiang, H., Wang, Z., and Shen, J. (2022). Quercetin Attenuates Quinocetone-Induced Cell Apoptosis In Vitro by Activating the P38\/Nrf2\/HO-1 Pathway and Inhibiting the ROS\/Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081498"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Y.-Y., Lee, Y.-J., Hsu, M.-Y., Wang, M., Tsou, S.-C., Chen, C.-C., Lin, J.-A., Hsiao, Y.-P., and Lin, H.-W. (2021). Protective Effect of Quercetin on Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Apoptosis through the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrion-Dependent Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084056"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118036","article-title":"Quercetin antagonizes imidacloprid-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT in grass carp hepatocytes","volume":"290","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990993","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.990993","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on cadmium-induced renal apoptosis through cyt-c\/caspase-9\/caspase-3 signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20170961","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20170961","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of quercetin on titanium particle-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptosis and in vivoosteolysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113772","article-title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cadmium-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and the protective effect of quercetin","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2510","article-title":"iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the anti-apoptotic effect of hyperin, which is mediated by Mcl-1 and Bid, in H2O2-injured EA. hy926 cells","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121343","article-title":"Quercetin potentiates the hepatoprotective effect of sildenafil and\/or pentoxifylline against intrahepatic cholestasis: Role of Nrf2\/ARE, TLR4\/NF-\u03baB, and NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 signaling pathways","volume":"314","author":"Fawzy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"455","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of quercetin on IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated neutrophils","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chansiw, N., Champakam, S., Chusri, P., Pangjit, K., and Srichairatanakool, S. (2022). Quercetin-Rich Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum odoratum var Pakphai Leaves Decreased Gene Expression and Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123657"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2015-0038","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates liver injury induced with Tripterygium glycosides by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M038786","article-title":"Quercetin reduces obesity-associated ATM infiltration and inflammation in mice: A mechanism including AMPK\u03b11\/SIRT1","volume":"55","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22241","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022241","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits TNF-\u03b1 induced HUVECs apoptosis and inflammation via downregulating NF-kB and AP-1 signaling pathway in vitro","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Pan, Y., Zhang, Q.-Y., Wang, F.-M., and Kong, L.-D. (2012). Quercetin and allopurinol ameliorate kidney injury in STZ-treated rats with regulation of renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid accumulation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038285"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-007-6172-9","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines through attenuation of NF-\u03baB and p38 MAPK in HMC-1 human mast cell line","volume":"56","author":"Min","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706246","article-title":"Flavonols inhibit proinflammatory mediator release, intracellular calcium ion levels and protein kinase C theta phosphorylation in human mast cells","volume":"145","author":"Kempuraj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1021\/cb500259e","article-title":"Direct binding of Bcl-2 family proteins by quercetin triggers its pro-apoptotic activity","volume":"9","author":"Primikyri","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.05.029","article-title":"The effect of quercetin nanoparticle on cervical cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via JAK2 suppression","volume":"82","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.12.095","article-title":"7-O-Geranylquercetin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells via ROS-MAPK mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway activation","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.01.008","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits human metastatic ovarian cancer cell growth and modulates components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in PA-1 cell line","volume":"300","author":"Teekaraman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm133","article-title":"Induction of death receptor 5 and suppression of survivin contribute to sensitization of TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by quercetin in non-small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"9663","article-title":"Quercetin induced apoptosis of human oral cancer SAS cells through mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum mediated signaling pathways","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21977","article-title":"Effects of low dose quercetin: Cancer cell-specific inhibition of cell cycle progression","volume":"106","author":"Jeong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.09.013","article-title":"Quercetin arrests G2\/M phase and induces caspase-dependent cell death in U937 cells","volume":"240","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Quercetin-3-O-glucoside induces human DNA topoisomerase II inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"34","author":"Sudan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2019.07.001","article-title":"Quercetin facilitates cell death and chemosensitivity through RAGE\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR axis in human pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.07.027","article-title":"Quercetin suppresses the mobility of breast cancer by suppressing glycolysis through Akt-mTOR pathway mediated autophagy induction","volume":"208","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.9.15863","article-title":"Quercetin induces protective autophagy in gastric cancer cells: Involvement of Akt-mTOR- and hypoxia-induced factor 1\u03b1-mediated signaling","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.07.002","article-title":"Modulating the Blood\u2013Testis Barrier Towards Increasing Drug Delivery","volume":"41","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx033","article-title":"Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male reproductive function: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Maresch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12567","article-title":"Down-regulation of steroidogenesis-related genes and its accompanying fertility decline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats: Ameliorative effect of metformin","volume":"7","author":"Nna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.165577","article-title":"Early intervention with breast milk mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the development of diabetic-induced testicular dysfunction via hypothalamic Kisspeptin\/Kiss1r-GnRH\/GnIH system in male rats","volume":"1866","author":"Khamis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tvrd\u00e1, E., Kov\u00e1\u010d, J., Ferenczyov\u00e1, K., Kalo\u010dayov\u00e1, B., \u010eura\u010dka, M., Benko, F., Alm\u00e1\u0161iov\u00e1, V., and Bartekov\u00e1, M. (2022). Quercetin Ameliorates Testicular Damage in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats through Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416056"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.11.051","article-title":"Protective effects of quercetin against apoptosis and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testis","volume":"50","author":"Kanter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816942","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6816942","article-title":"Globularia alypum Extracts Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Protect against Various Organ Toxicities in Alloxan-Induced Experimental Diabetic Rats","volume":"2022","author":"Tiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, W., Ma, Y., Zhu, J., Zou, H., and Liu, Z. (2022). Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury: A Risk to Male Fertility. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223601"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.07.087","article-title":"Cadmium chloride\u2013induced testicular toxicity in male wistar rats; prophylactic effect of quercetin, and assessment of testicular recovery following cadmium chloride withdrawal","volume":"94","author":"Nna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21449","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant, quercetin, protects sertoli-germ cell coculture from atrazine-induced oxidative damage","volume":"26","author":"Abarikwu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00527","article-title":"Toxicological Effects of Cadmium on Mammalian Testis","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behairy, A., Hashem, M.M., Abo-El-Sooud, K., El-Metwally, A.E., Hassan, B.A., and Abd-Elhakim, Y.M. (2022). Quercetin Abates Aluminum Trioxide Nanoparticles and Lead Acetate Induced Altered Sperm Quality, Testicular Oxidative Damage, and Sexual Hormones Disruption in Male Rats. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112133"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2012.01279.x","article-title":"Protective effects of kolaviron and quercetin on cadmium-induced testicular damage and endocrine pathology in rats","volume":"44","author":"Farombi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21317","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity on germ cells in male mice","volume":"294","author":"Bu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/6.2.107","article-title":"Male infertility and environmental exposure to lead and cadmium","volume":"6","author":"Benoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02454-8","article-title":"Protective Effect of Quercetin on Testis Structure and Apoptosis Against Lead Acetate Toxicity: An Stereological Study","volume":"199","author":"Khodabandeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02079-x","article-title":"The Effect of Lead Acetate and Quercetin on the Tight and Gap Junctions in the Mouse Testis","volume":"198","author":"Dolati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22450","article-title":"Quercetin mediated attenuation of cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in caprine testes in vitro","volume":"62","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25278","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08947-2","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on rat testes against cadmium toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12866","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12866","article-title":"Effect of quercetin on cadmium chloride-induced impairments in sexual behaviour and steroidogenesis in male Wistar rats","volume":"50","author":"Ujah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.12.019","article-title":"Chemoprotective role of quercetin in manganese-induced toxicity along the brain-pituitary-testicular axis in rats","volume":"263","author":"Adedara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21812","article-title":"Querectin Alleviates Zinc Oxide Nanoreprotoxicity in Male Albino Rats","volume":"30","author":"Hussein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8325-2","article-title":"Beneficial effects of quercetin on titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced spermatogenesis defects in mice","volume":"24","author":"Khorsandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.11.005","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on mRNA expression of steroidogenesis genes in primary cultures of Leydig cells treated with atrazine","volume":"27","author":"Abarikwu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr. Int. J. Publ. Assoc. BIBRA"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1471-z","article-title":"Quercetin decreases steroidogenic enzyme activity, NF-\u03baB expression, and oxidative stress in cultured Leydig cells exposed to atrazine","volume":"373","author":"Abarikwu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.03.136","article-title":"Dose- dependent ameliorative effects of quercetin and l-Carnitine against atrazine- induced reproductive toxicity in adult male Albino rats","volume":"102","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"e14445","article-title":"Curcumin improves the protective effects of quercetin against atrazine-induced testicular injury in adult Wistar rats","volume":"54","author":"Abarikwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12561","article-title":"Protective effects of quercetin against arsenic-induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"48","author":"Baltaci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2014.998350","article-title":"Alleviative effect of quercetin on rat testis against arsenic: A histological and biochemical study","volume":"61","author":"Jahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TX00161D","article-title":"The effect of bisphenol A on testicular steroidogenesis and its amelioration by quercetin: An in vivo and in silico approach","volume":"7","author":"Samova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.08.001","article-title":"Potential protective effect of quercetin on the male reproductive system against exposure of Wistar rats to crude oil vapor: Genetic, biochemical, and histopathological evidence","volume":"113","author":"Khazaeel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70705","article-title":"Alleviative effects of quercetin and onion on male reproductive toxicity induced by diesel exhaust particles","volume":"72","author":"Izawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12417","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates polychlorinated biphenyls-induced testicular DNA damage in rats","volume":"48","author":"Lovato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12159","article-title":"Quercetin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"46","author":"Aksakal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22765","article-title":"Supplementation with quercetin attenuates 4-nitrophenol-induced testicular toxicity in adult male mice","volume":"296","author":"Mi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01126.x","article-title":"Quercetin prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"44","author":"Ciftci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arrested Acetylene-Induced Pulmonary and Testicular Toxicity in Rats Through Treatment with Polyphenols","volume":"46","author":"Oluwabayo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12251","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits testicular toxicity induced by the mixture of three commonly used phthalates in rats","volume":"103","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115580602","article-title":"Quercetin attenuates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats","volume":"35","author":"Aly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S222127","article-title":"Effects of quercetin, sitagliptin alone or in combination in testicular toxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14341","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14341","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced testicular oxidative-inflammatory injury is accompanied by altered immunosuppressive indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in Wister rats: Influence of dietary quercetin","volume":"54","author":"Ebokaiwe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"180","article-title":"Protective effects of quercetin against testis damage caused by cisplatin","volume":"97","author":"Elbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem. Off. Publ. Biol. Stain Comm."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12197","article-title":"Evaluation of the protective effect of quercetin against cisplatin-induced renal and testis tissue damage and sperm parameters in rats","volume":"46","author":"Aldemir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12253","article-title":"Quercetin prevents docetaxel-induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"47","author":"Altintas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3109\/01913123.2013.772269","article-title":"Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Quercetin on Letrozole-induced Testicular Injury in Male Albino Rats","volume":"37","author":"Selim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrastruct. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.08.004","article-title":"Protection of Quercetin against Triptolide-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress in rat Leydig cells","volume":"240","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12981","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12981","article-title":"Quercetin and rutin ameliorates sulphasalazine-induced spermiotoxicity, alterations in reproductive hormones and steroidogenic enzyme imbalance in rats","volume":"50","author":"Osawe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.167720","article-title":"Comparison of quercetin and resveratrol in the prevention of injury due to testicular torsion\/detorsion in rats","volume":"18","author":"Chi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01044.x","article-title":"Protective effects of quercetin on testicular torsion\/detorsion-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"42","author":"Aktoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01211.x","article-title":"Quercetin has a protective role on histopathological findings on testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"44","author":"Aldemir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002950","article-title":"Effects of a quercetin-rich onion skin extract on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in overweight-to-obese patients with (pre-)hypertension: A randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled cross-over trial","volume":"114","author":"Burak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2405","article-title":"Quercetin Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects","volume":"137","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.117655","article-title":"Serum lipid and blood pressure responses to quercetin vary in overweight patients by apolipoprotein E genotype","volume":"140","author":"Egert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509359127","article-title":"Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study","volume":"102","author":"Egert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.04.020","article-title":"Effect of onion peel extract on endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in overweight and obese individuals","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1185-1","article-title":"Acute intake of quercetin from onion skin extract does not influence postprandial blood pressure and endothelial function in overweight-to-obese adults with hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"56","author":"Burak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01923-y","article-title":"Cellular senescence and senolytics: The path to the clinic","volume":"28","author":"Chaib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.052","article-title":"Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Justice","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"22","article-title":"Senolytic Therapy to Modulate the Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (SToMP-AD): A Pilot Clinical Trial","volume":"9","author":"Gonzales","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.069","article-title":"Senolytics decrease senescent cells in humans: Preliminary report from a clinical trial of Dasatinib plus Quercetin in individuals with diabetic kidney disease","volume":"47","author":"Hickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2016.1140093","article-title":"The Effect of Quercetin on Inflammatory Factors and Clinical Symptoms in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"Javadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6955","article-title":"Effects of quercetin supplementation on inflammatory factors and quality of life in post-myocardial infarction patients: A double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6166","article-title":"The effects of quercetin supplementation on metabolic and hormonal parameters as well as plasma concentration and gene expression of resistin in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Khorshidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"115","article-title":"Effects of Quercetin on Adiponectin-Mediated Insulin Sensitivity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"49","author":"Rezvan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.02.017","article-title":"The effect of quercetin on iron overload and inflammation in \u03b2-thalassemia major patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Azarkeivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.10.018","article-title":"Efficacy of an orally administered combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, curcumin and quercetin for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women","volume":"207","author":"Torella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3102-y","article-title":"Flavonoid mixture (diosmin, troxerutin, rutin, hesperidin, quercetin) in the treatment of I-IIIdegree hemorroidal disease: A double-blind multicenter prospective comparative study","volume":"33","author":"Corsale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.01.010","article-title":"Quercetin reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcoidosis","volume":"30","author":"Boots","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13299","article-title":"Nano-hydrogel embedded with quercetin and oleic acid as a new formulation in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Gallelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5518","article-title":"A Phase I Dose Escalation Study Demonstrates Quercetin Safety and Explores Potential for Bioflavonoid Antivirals in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. PTR"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-022-01080-3","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and pyroptosis in granulosa cells","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119865588","article-title":"Effects of quercetin and rosuvastatin each alone or in combination on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in female albino mice","volume":"38","author":"Elkady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(01)00276-9","article-title":"Increased cellular apoptosis after chronic aqueous exposure to nonylphenol and quercetin in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"131","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2012.01311.x","article-title":"Quercetin impairs the reproductive potential of male mice","volume":"45","author":"Ranawat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13143","article-title":"Exploring the role of gut microbiome in male reproduction","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150368","article-title":"Glyphosate-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis facilitates male reproductive toxicity in rats","volume":"805","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113623","article-title":"Effects of Bisphenol A on reproductive toxicity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in male rats","volume":"239","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.03.017","article-title":"Microorganisms in the reproductive system and probiotic\u2019s regulatory effects on reproductive health","volume":"20","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00221","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum TW1-1 Alleviates Diethylhexylphthalate-Induced Testicular Damage in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Decreasing Inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118881","article-title":"Catalpol ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular injury and modulates gut microbiota","volume":"267","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110767","article-title":"Effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in rats","volume":"133","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakhshandeh, H., Rajabi Khasevan, H., Saviano, A., Mahdinezhad, M.R., Baradaran Rahimi, V., Ehtiati, S., Etemad, L., Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan, A., Maione, F., and Askari, V.R. (2022). Protective Effect of Portulaca oleracea on Streptozotocin-Induced Type I Diabetes-Associated Reproductive System Dysfunction and Inflammation. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27186075"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rotimi, D.E., and Adeyemi, O.S. (2023). Plantain-based diet decreases oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the testes of rats exposed to atrazine. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04639-2"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, M.M., Hussein, M.M.A., Saber, T., and Abd-Elhakim, Y.M. (2022). Palliative Effect of Resveratrol against Nanosized Iron Oxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Steroidogenesis-Related Genes Dysregulation in Testicular Tissue of Adult Male Rats. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138171"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.11.007","article-title":"Resveratrol attenuates testicular apoptosis in type 1 diabetic mice: Role of Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation and p62-dependent Keap1 degradation","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105686","article-title":"Novel extraction, rapid assessment and bioavailability improvement of quercetin: A review","volume":"78","author":"Manzoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochemistry"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/9\/2231\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:31:30Z","timestamp":1760124690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/9\/2231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15092231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15092231","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]}}}