{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:30:16Z","timestamp":1789079416797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intellectual disability is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity, and the factors most often associated with this risk are incorrect eating behavior and insufficient amount and intensity of physical activity. As is well known, there area whole range of factors determining lifestyle, but many currently available reports in this field refer to the functioning of children without a diagnosis of intellectual disability, and, as we know, due to numerous individual and environmental barriers, children with ID may function differently in this context than their peers. Therefore, we examined the relationships between the selected variables and divided them into two models: (1) first regression model: child\u2019s willingness to engage in physical activity (dependent variable), child\u2019s physical limitations related to disabilities and\/or comorbidities, child\u2019s independence, parents\u2019 willingness to engage in physical activity, child\u2019s body dissatisfaction (independent variables\/predictors); (2) second regression model: child\u2019s emotional eating (dependent variable), child\u2019s coping with emotions, parents\u2019 attitudes, beliefs, and practices about child feeding (restriction and pressure to eat), parents\u2019 emotional eating, parents\u2019 happiness (independent variables\/predictors). A group of 503 parents (of children and adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability) completed: the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, the Scale of Experiencing Happiness, and the supplementary survey. Our results allow partial confirmation of the hypotheses related to both of these models: (1) model I: the relationships between the child\u2019s willingness to engage in physical activity and all predictors are significant, but the direction of the relationship between the dependent variable and one of the predictors\u2014body dissatisfaction\u2014is opposite to the assumed one (negative relationship); (2) model II: the relationships between the child\u2019s emotional eating and almost all predictors are significant, except for the relationship between the dependent variable and pressure to eat. In conclusion, (to the authors\u2019 knowledge) this study is the first to assess dyadic predictors of willingness to engage in physical activity and emotional eating in children and adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability. It allows for a better understanding of the attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of children with intellectual disabilities and their parents, which gives the opportunity (taking into account factors from both individuals from the child-parent dyad) to better design strategies to support pro-health behaviors in children and adolescents from this group (which may improve the effectiveness of overweight prevention and obesity). These findings emphasize how important it is to consider the dynamic of the child-parent dyad when considering how parenting contributes to a child\u2019s willingness to engage in physical activity, as well as thatchild\u2019s emotional eating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T02:04:05Z","timestamp":1684289045000},"page":"2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dyadic Predictors of Willing to Engage in Physical Activity and Emotional Eating in Children and Adolescents with Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Czepczor-Bernat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Modrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Bia\u0142a, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Porczy\u0144ska-Ciszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Educational Sciences, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Modrzejewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Bie\u0144kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pedagogy, University of Bielsko-Bia\u0142a, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-7051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schalock, R.L., Luckasson, R., and Tass\u00e9, M.J. 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