{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:38:48Z","timestamp":1784302728019,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education (MOE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021RIS-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021RIS-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress and inflammation are basic pathogenic factors involved in tissue injury and pain, as well as acute and chronic diseases. Since long-term uses of synthetic steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause severe adverse effects, novel effective materials with minimal side effects are required. In this study, polyphenol content and antioxidative activity of rosebud extracts from 24 newly crossbred Korean roses were analyzed. Among them, Pretty Velvet rosebud extract (PVRE) was found to contain high polyphenols and to show in vitro antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PVRE down-regulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and thereby decreased nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In a subcutaneous air-pouch inflammation model, treatment with PVRE decreased \u03bb-carrageenan-induced tissue exudation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-1\u03b2 concentrations, as achieved with dexamethasone (a representative steroid). Notably, PVRE also inhibited PGE2, similar to dexamethasone and indomethacin (a representative NSAID). The anti-inflammatory effects of PVRE were confirmed by microscopic findings, attenuating tissue erythema, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. These results indicate that PVRE exhibits dual (steroid- and NSAID-like) anti-inflammatory activities by blocking both the iNOS\u2014NO and COX-2\u2014PG pathways, and that PVRE could be a potential candidate as an anti-inflammatory material for diverse tissue injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:55:29Z","timestamp":1684457729000},"page":"2376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Rosebud Extracts of Newly Crossbred Roses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cuicui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Rim","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Ho","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangryong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Myoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heon Sang","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gumi Floriculture Research Institute, Gyeongsanbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gumi 39102, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Gyun","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Chul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehn-Kyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.02.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies","volume":"148","author":"Rani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2020.1870987","article-title":"The relevant targets of anti-oxidative stress: A review","volume":"29","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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