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Methods: This study included women at age 31 from prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated between women with or without previous infertility examinations or treatments (infertility group, n = 375, reference group, n = 2051) and time to pregnancy (TTP) of over 12 months (decreased fecundability group, n = 338) with a wide range of confounders. Furthermore, 25(OH)D concentrations were also compared among reproductive outcomes. Results: The mean 25(OH)D concentration was lower and 25(OH)D &lt; 30 nmol\/L was more frequent in women with a history of infertility compared to reference group. Moreover, 25(OH)D &gt; 75 nmol\/L was more frequent in the reference group. The mean 25(OH)D concentration was lower in women who had had multiple miscarriages. Both history of infertility (\u03b2 = \u22122.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22124.6, \u22120.7) and decreased fecundability associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration (\u03b2 = \u22124.1, 95% CI \u22127.4, \u22120.8) after adjustments. In conclusion, this population-based study demonstrated that previous infertility and decreased fecundability were associated with lower 25(OH)D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:49:23Z","timestamp":1685346563000},"page":"2522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vitamin D Status in Women with a History of Infertility and Decreased Fecundability: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Lumme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu 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