{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:16:55Z","timestamp":1790662615832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the NRF of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2022R1I1A3072966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A3072966"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the NRF of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2022R1A5A2018865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A2018865"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the NRF of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2022R1F1A1076151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1076151"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning","award":["2022R1I1A3072966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A3072966"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning","award":["2022R1A5A2018865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A2018865"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning","award":["2022R1F1A1076151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1076151"]}]},{"name":"NRF grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2022R1I1A3072966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A3072966"]}]},{"name":"NRF grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2022R1A5A2018865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A5A2018865"]}]},{"name":"NRF grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2022R1F1A1076151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1076151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate survival rates according to iron status in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Thus, the National HD Quality Assessment Program dataset and claims data were used for analysis (n = 42,390). The patients were divided into four groups according to their transferrin saturation rate and serum ferritin levels: Group 1 (n = 34,539, normal iron status); Group 2 (n = 4476, absolute iron deficiency); Group 3 (n = 1719, functional iron deficiency); Group 4 (n = 1656, high iron status). Using univariate and multivariable analyses, Group 1 outperformed the three other groups in terms of patient survival. Using univariate analysis, although Group 2 showed a favorable trend in patient survival rates compared with Groups 3 and 4, the statistical significance was weak. Group 3 exhibited similar patient survival rates to Group 4. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, Group 2 had similar patient survival rates to Group 3. Subgroup analyses according to sex, diabetic status, hemoglobin level \u2265 10 g\/dL, and serum albumin levels \u2265 3.5 g\/dL indicated similar trends to those of the total cohort. However, subgroup analysis based on patients with a hemoglobin level &lt; 10 g\/dL or serum albumin levels &lt; 3.5 g\/dL showed a weak statistical significant difference compared with those with hemoglobin level \u2265 10 g\/dL, or serum albumin levels \u2265 3.5 g\/dL. In addition, the survival difference between Group 4 and other groups was greater in old patients than in young ones. Patients with a normal iron status had the highest survival rates. Patient survival rates were similar or differed only modestly among the groups with abnormal iron status. In addition, most subgroup analyses revealed similar trends to those according to the total cohort. However, subgroup analyses based on age, hemoglobin, or serum albumin levels showed different trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1685585565000},"page":"2577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between Iron Status and Survival in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1023-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok-Hui","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 60 Hyeoksin-Ro, Wonju-si 26465, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Jung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 60 Hyeoksin-Ro, Wonju-si 26465, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Ok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, 60 Hyeoksin-Ro, Wonju-si 26465, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6360-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.4.828","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease","volume":"14","author":"Levey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol. 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