{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:42:13Z","timestamp":1780051333004,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a prospective study, we measured the associations between three serum elements (Se, Zn and Cu) and the prognosis of 1475 patients with four different types of cancer (breast, prostate, lung and larynx) from University Hospitals in Szczecin, Poland. The elements were measured in serum taken after diagnosis and prior to treatment. Patients were followed from the date of diagnosis until death from any cause or until the last follow-up date (mean years of follow-up: 6.0\u20139.8 years, according to site). Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were constructed for all cancers combined and for each cancer separately. Age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. The outcome was all-cause mortality. A Se level in the highest quartile was also associated with a reduced mortality (HR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49\u20130.88; p = 0.005) in all-cause mortality for all cancers combined. Zn level in the highest quartile was also associated with reduced mortality (HR = 0.55; 95%CI 0.41\u20130.75; p = 0.0001). In contrast, a Cu level in the highest quartile was associated with an increase in mortality (HR = 1.91; 95%CI 1.56\u20132.08; p = 0.0001). Three serum elements\u2014selenium, zinc and copper\u2014are associated with the prognosis of different types of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T08:50:31Z","timestamp":1685695831000},"page":"2611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Serum Essential Elements and Survival after Cancer Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Lubi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin R.","family":"Lener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3\u017ca","family":"Derkacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Cybulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"D\u0119bniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Jakubowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Huzarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Read-Gene, Grzepnica, ul. Alabastrowa 8, 72-003 Dobra (Szczeci\u0144ska), Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, ul. Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8050-1507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Matuszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Pullella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Women\u2019s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5798-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven A.","family":"Narod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.10.020","article-title":"Recent views of heavy metals as possible risk factors and potential preventive and therapeutic agents in prostate cancer","volume":"457","author":"Vella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. 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