{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:45:19Z","timestamp":1770536719300,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Project of Beijing, China","award":["Z221100007422121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z221100007422121"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Project of Beijing, China","award":["L222133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222133"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Project of Beijing, China","award":["32141005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32141005"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Project of Beijing, China","award":["62250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62250001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["Z221100007422121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z221100007422121"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L222133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222133"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["32141005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32141005"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["62250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62250001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Z221100007422121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z221100007422121"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["L222133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L222133"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32141005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32141005"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62250001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition is a risk factor for disease progression and poor prognosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the complexity of nutritional status assessment limits its clinical application. This study explored a new method of nutritional assessment in CKD (stage 1\u20135) patients using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as the gold standard and evaluated its applicability. The kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of the Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool (Renal iNUT) with SGA and protein-energy wasting. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD malnutrition and calculate the prediction probability of multiple indicators combined for the diagnosis of CKD malnutrition. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction probability was drawn to evaluate its diagnostic efficiency. A total of 161 CKD patients were included in this study. The prevalence of malnutrition according to SGA was 19.9%. The results showed that Renal iNUT had a moderate consistency with SGA and a general consistency with protein-energy wasting. Age &gt; 60 years (odds ratio, OR = 6.78), neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio &gt; 2.62 (OR = 3.862), transferrin &lt; 200 mg\/dL (OR = 4.222), phase angle &lt; 4.5\u00b0 (OR = 7.478), and body fat percentage &lt; 10% (OR = 19.119) were risk factors for malnutrition in patients with CKD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of multiple indicators for the diagnosis of CKD malnutrition was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.834\u20130.946, p &lt; 0.001). This study demonstrated that Renal iNUT has good specificity as a new tool for the nutrition screening of CKD patients, but its sensitivity needs to be optimized. Advanced age, high neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio, low transferrin level, low phase angle, and low body fat percentage are risk factors for malnutrition in patients with CKD. The combination of the above indicators has high diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of CKD malnutrition, which may be an objective, simple, and reliable method to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T01:38:26Z","timestamp":1686015506000},"page":"2640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Exploratory Study on a New Method for Nutritional Status Assessment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yayong","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration (2020). 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