{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1775866357063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum Munich (former GSF)","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Research Institute at Marien-Hospital Wesel","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"LMU Munich","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"TU Munich","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"IUF\u2014Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of D\u00fcsseldorf)","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry for Environment","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Commission of the European Communities","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Mead Johnson","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Nestl\u00e9","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]},{"name":"Paderborn University","award":["20462296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20462296"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A previous follow-up of the GINIplus study showed that breastfeeding could protect against early eczema. However, effects diminished in adolescence, possibly indicating a \u201crebound effect\u201d in breastfed children after initial protection. We evaluated the role of early eczema until three years of age on allergies until young adulthood and assessed whether early eczema modifies the association between breastfeeding and allergies. Data from GINIplus until 20-years of age (N = 4058) were considered. Information on atopic eczema, asthma, and rhinitis was based on reported physician\u2019s diagnoses. Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) were modelled by using generalized estimating equations. Early eczema was associated with eczema (aORs = 3.2\u201314.4), asthma (aORs = 2.2\u20132.7), and rhinitis (aORs = 1.2\u20132.7) until young adulthood. For eczema, this association decreased with age (p-for-interaction = 0.002\u20130.006). Longitudinal models did not show associations between breastfeeding and the respective allergies from 5 to 20 years of age. Moreover, early eczema generally did not modify the association between milk feeding and allergies except for rhinitis in participants without family history of atopy. Early eczema strongly predicts allergies until young adulthood. While preventive effects of full breastfeeding on eczema in infants with family history of atopy does not persist until young adulthood, the hypothesis of a rebound effect after initial protection cannot be confirmed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1686905761000},"page":"2780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Full Breastfeeding and Allergic Diseases\u2014Long-Term Protection or Rebound Effects?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Libuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Warburger Stra\u00dfe 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany"},{"name":"Children\u2018s Hospital, Evangelisches Krankenhaus D\u00fcsseldorf, 40217 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Filipiak-Pittroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2018s Hospital, Evangelisches Krankenhaus D\u00fcsseldorf, 40217 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Formerly Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Standl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Schikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"von Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibylle","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl-Peter","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Berdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Gappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2018s Hospital, Evangelisches Krankenhaus D\u00fcsseldorf, 40217 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-016-0147-2","article-title":"Ern\u00e4hrung und Bewegung von S\u00e4uglingen und stillenden Frauen","volume":"164","author":"Koletzko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mon. 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