{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:02:38Z","timestamp":1781308958835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement","award":["ALFGBG-70 940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-70 940"]}]},{"name":"Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement","award":["SU-883621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-883621"]}]},{"name":"Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement","award":["SU-935437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-935437"]}]},{"name":"Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement","award":["GLS-879911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-879911"]}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Research Foundations","award":["ALFGBG-70 940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-70 940"]}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Research Foundations","award":["SU-883621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-883621"]}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Research Foundations","award":["SU-935437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-935437"]}]},{"name":"Sahlgrenska University Hospital Research Foundations","award":["GLS-879911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-879911"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg\u2019s Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG-70 940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-70 940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg\u2019s Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SU-883621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-883621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg\u2019s Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SU-935437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SU-935437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg\u2019s Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GLS-879911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-879911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a lack of research on women with infertility in the northern latitudes, where vitamin D insufficiency is high. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D concentration &lt; 50 nmol\/L) among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Thus, 265 women scheduled for IVF\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between September 2020 and August 2021 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included. Data on serum 25(OH)D concentration, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure were collected via questionnaires and blood samples. Approximately 27% of the women had 25(OH)D insufficiency, which was associated with longer infertility duration. The likelihood of insufficiency was higher among women from non-Nordic European countries (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.03\u20138.26, adjusted p = 0.043), the Middle East (OR 9.90, 95% CI 3.32\u201329.41, adjusted p &lt; 0.001), and Asia (OR 5.49, 95% CI 1.30\u201323.25, adjusted p = 0.020) than among women from Nordic countries. Women who did not use vitamin D supplements were more likely to have insufficiency compared with supplement users (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.55\u20137.10, adjusted p = 0.002), and those who avoided sun exposure had higher odds of insufficiency compared to those who stayed \u201cin the sun all the time\u201d (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.22\u20138.62, adjusted p = 0.018). Women with infertility in northern latitudes and those from non-Nordic countries who avoid sun exposure and do not take vitamin supplements have a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and longer infertility duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Its Determinants among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment for Infertility in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Maaherra Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Augustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1612-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnea","family":"B\u00e4rebring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amra","family":"Osmancevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bullarbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Thurin-Kjellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsiartas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic IVF Solna, Eugin Group, 171 54 Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0020-y","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D: Skeletal and extraskeletal health","volume":"10","author":"Khazai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. 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