{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:48:18Z","timestamp":1790660898169,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of chronic maternal disease is rising in the last decades in the developed world. Recent evidence indicated that the incidence of chronic maternal disease ranges from 10 to 30% of pregnancies worldwide. Several epidemiological studies in mothers with chronic diseases have mainly focused on the risk for adverse obstetric outcomes. Evidence from these studies supports a correlation between maternal chronic conditions and adverse perinatal outcomes, including increased risk for preeclampsia, cesarean section, preterm birth, and admission in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). However, there is a knowledge gap pertaining to the management of these women during lactation. This review aimed at summarizing the available research literature regarding breastfeeding in mothers with chronic diseases. Adjusted and evidence-based support may be required to promote breastfeeding in women with chronic diseases; however, our comprehension of breastfeeding in this subpopulation is still unclear. The literature related to breastfeeding extends in various scientific areas and multidisciplinary effort is necessary to compile an overview of current evidence and knowledge regarding breastfeeding issues in mothers with chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"2822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Knowledge Gaps and Current Evidence Regarding Breastfeeding Issues in Mothers with Chronic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozeta","family":"Sokou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, \u201cAgios Panteleimon\u201d General Hospital of Nikea, 3 D.Mantouvalou Str., Nikea, 18454 Piraeus, Greece"},{"name":"Neonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8761-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula","family":"Parastatidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, \u201cElena Venizelou\u201d Maternity Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4316-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Iliodromiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Lampropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysios","family":"Vrachnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Boutsikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4966-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Konstantinidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, \u201cAgios Panteleimon\u201d General Hospital of Nikea, 3 D.Mantouvalou Str., Nikea, 18454 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8021-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Iacovidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Association of Pediatrics, Eidelman, A.I., Schanler, R.J., Johnston, M., Landers, S., Noble, L., Szucs, K., and Viehmann, L. 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