{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:28:33Z","timestamp":1767706113408,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001771","name":"University of Newcastle","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001081","name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001081","name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-32804","2101041","2200517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-based diets (PBDs) emphasise higher intakes of plant foods and lower intakes of animal foods, and they have been associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity\/mortality and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Evidence is limited regarding the dietary profile, diet quality, and nutritional adequacy of PBDs, including their impact on CVD risk compared with traditional meat-eating diets in Australians. The PBD Study (PBDS) is a cross-sectional study that will recruit 240 adults from the Hunter region (NSW) without known CVD who are habitually consuming vegan (no animal flesh\/animal products), lacto-ovo vegetarian (dairy and\/or eggs only), pesco-vegetarian (fish\/seafood only), or semi-vegetarian (minimal animal flesh) diets or are a regular meat-eater. To investigate dietary profile, diet quality, nutritional adequacy, and CVD risk, questionnaires (medical history, demographics, and physical activity), blood samples (biomarkers), physical measures (anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, and bone density), and dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire and diet history) will be collected. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests will compare the CVD risk and other quantitative measures, and Chi-square or Fisher\u2019s Exact tests will be used for qualitative data. Directed acyclic graphs will determine the confounding variables, and linear regression and mediation analyses will account for the confounders and estimate the effect of dietary patterns on CVD risk. p-values will be adjusted using the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg method to control the False Discovery Rate to 5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:40:23Z","timestamp":1687747223000},"page":"2850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Australians: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Oldmeadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Design, Information Technology and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manohar","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2050523","article-title":"Beliefs and attitudes toward vegetarian lifestyle across generations","volume":"2","author":"Pribis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064016","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa6cd5","article-title":"Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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