{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T08:46:11Z","timestamp":1788684371842,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/26897-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/26897-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA272977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA272977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["2014\/26897-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/26897-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["U01 CA272977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA272977"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"US National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/26897-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/26897-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"US National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA272977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA272977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Few studies have evaluated the association between diet-related inflammation and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and evidence is scarce in Brazil. This study evaluated the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and GA. Methods: A multicenter case\u2013control study was conducted in Brazil. A total of 1645 participants\u2014492 cases, 377 endoscopy controls, and 776 hospital controls\u2014were included. Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) scores were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used binary and multinomial logistic regression models for the analysis of total GA, and its subtypes (cardia and non-cardia, intestinal, and diffuse histological subtypes). Results: In cases versus endoscopy controls, a pro-inflammatory diet, estimated by higher E-DII scores, was associated with a higher risk GA (ORQ4vsQ1: 2.60, 1.16\u20135.70), of non-cardia GA (OR: 2.90, 1.06\u20137.82), and diffuse subtype (OR: 3.93, 1.59\u20139.70). In cases versus hospital controls, higher E-DII scores were associated with a higher risk of GA (OR: 2.70, 1.60\u20134.54), of cardia GA (OR: 3.31, 1.32\u20138.24), non-cardia GA (OR: 2.97, 1.64\u20135.39), and both intestinal (OR: 2.82, 1.38\u20135.74) and diffuse GA (OR: 2.50, 1.54\u20135.11) subtypes. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of GA in Brazil. E-DII requires the inclusion of sodium due to its importance in carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T03:14:56Z","timestamp":1687749296000},"page":"2867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Richard Costa","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01509-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2266-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valdete Regina","family":"Guandalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29047-105, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29047-105, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5922-7424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta\u00edsa Sabrina Silva","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, University of the Americas Puebla, San Andres Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longgang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Aparecida","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01509-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01508-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Pimentel","family":"de Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica Santiago","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-050, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Curado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01509-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Statistics on Cancer, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, S\u00e3o Paulo 01508-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, December 12). 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