{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:16:22Z","timestamp":1760148982241,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K17016","JP21K19601","JP18H02968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K17016","JP21K19601","JP18H02968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On the tongue, the T1R-independent pathway (comprising glucose transporters, including sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the KATP channel) detects only sugars, whereas the T1R-dependent (T1R2\/T1R3) pathway can broadly sense various sweeteners. Cephalic-phase insulin release, a rapid release of insulin induced by sensory signals in the head after food-related stimuli, reportedly depends on the T1R-independent pathway, and the competitive sweet taste modulators leptin and endocannabinoids may function on these two different sweet taste pathways independently, suggesting independent roles of two oral sugar-detecting pathways in food intake. Here, we examined the effect of adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifunctional regulatory peptide, on sugar sensing in mice since it affects the expression of SGLT1 in rat enterocytes. We found that ADM receptor components were expressed in T1R3-positive taste cells. Analyses of chorda tympani (CT) nerve responses revealed that ADM enhanced responses to sugars but not to artificial sweeteners and other tastants. Moreover, ADM increased the apical uptake of a fluorescent D-glucose derivative into taste cells and SGLT1 mRNA expression in taste buds. These results suggest that the T1R-independent sweet taste pathway in mouse taste cells is a peripheral target of ADM, and the specific enhancement of gustatory nerve responses to sugars by ADM may contribute to caloric sensing and food intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:15:47Z","timestamp":1688001347000},"page":"2941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adrenomedullin Enhances Mouse Gustatory Nerve Responses to Sugars via T1R-Independent Sweet Taste Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8655-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shusuke","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu 501-0296, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7584-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4623-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Dent-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Center, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-7429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Sanematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"OBT Research Center, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriatsu","family":"Shigemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development Center for Five-Sense Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan"},{"name":"Oral Science Research Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan"},{"name":"Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00451-2","article-title":"Mammalian Sweet Taste Receptors","volume":"106","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072090199","article-title":"Human receptors for sweet and umami taste","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. 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