{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:49:37Z","timestamp":1777427377365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Cultivation for young top-notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["BPHR202203044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPHR202203044"]}]},{"name":"Project of Cultivation for young top-notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["2022YFF1100605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100605"]}]},{"name":"Project of Cultivation for young top-notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions","award":["2021CXGC010807-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CXGC010807-03"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["BPHR202203044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPHR202203044"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFF1100605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100605"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021CXGC010807-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CXGC010807-03"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shandong Province","award":["BPHR202203044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPHR202203044"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shandong Province","award":["2022YFF1100605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100605"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shandong Province","award":["2021CXGC010807-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CXGC010807-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress has been identified as a major cause of cellular injury in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of piceatannol on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12) cell damage and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that piceatannol pre-treatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced PC-12 cell death. Furthermore, piceatannol effectively improved mitochondrial content and mitochondrial function, including enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination capacity and increasing mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) and mitochondria Complex IV expression. Meanwhile, piceatannol treatment inhibited mitochondria-mediated autophagy as demonstrated by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing autophagosome formation and light chain 3B II\/I (LC3B II\/I) and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) expression level. The protein expression level of SIRT3 was significantly increased by piceatannol in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the cytoprotective effect of piceatannol was dramatically abolished by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor, 3-(1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl) pyridine (3-TYP), which led to an exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in PC-12 cells under oxidative stress. In addition, the autophagy activator (rapamycin) abrogated the protective effects of piceatannol on PC-12 cell death. These findings demonstrated that piceatannol could alleviate PC-12 cell oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy via the SIRT3 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T01:02:41Z","timestamp":1688086961000},"page":"2973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Piceatannol Protects PC-12 Cells against Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibiting Autophagy via SIRT3 Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0843-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peishi","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5493.985","article-title":"Oxidative damage linked to neurodegeneration by selective alpha-synuclein nitration in synucleinopathy lesions","volume":"290","author":"Giasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7321","article-title":"Redox Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration: From Disease Outcomes to Therapeutic Opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Sbodio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1886","article-title":"Crosstalk between calcium and redox signaling: From molecular mechanisms to health implications","volume":"10","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105851","article-title":"Oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"173","author":"Imbriani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100663","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202100663","article-title":"Mitochondria in Neuronal Health: From Energy Metabolism to Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4248529","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4248529","article-title":"Glycine Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury by Regulating Mitochondria-Mediated Autophagy via the AMPK Pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"119041","article-title":"Interactions between reactive oxygen species and autophagy Special issue: Death mechanisms in cellular homeostasis","volume":"1868","year":"2021","journal-title":"BBA-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1293767","article-title":"Chaperone-mediated autophagy prevents cellular transformation by regulating MYC proteasomal degradation","volume":"13","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-022-00187-3","article-title":"The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy: Focus on the development of neurological diseases","volume":"18","author":"Talebi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8315","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45922","article-title":"Mitochondrial Sirtuin 3: New emerging biological function and therapeutic target","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109328","article-title":"The emerging potential of SIRT-3 in oxidative stress-inflammatory axis associated increased neuroinflammatory component for metabolically impaired neural cell","volume":"333","author":"Almalki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.08.066","article-title":"Over-expression of the Sirt3 sirtuin Protects neuronally differentiated PC12 Cells from degeneration induced by oxidative stress and trophic withdrawal","volume":"1587","author":"Shulyakova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-018-0057-2","article-title":"Genipin alleviates vascular hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock by up-regulation of SIRT3\/autophagy","volume":"4","author":"Shumin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29271","article-title":"SIRT3 as a regulator of hepatic autophagy","volume":"66","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2021.0002","article-title":"Protective Efficacy of Spilanthes acmella Murr. Extracts and Bioactive Constituents in Neuronal Cell Death","volume":"25","author":"Suwanjang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rejuv. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00116","article-title":"Sirt3-Mediated Autophagy Contributes to Resveratrol-Induced Protection against ER Stress in HT22 Cells","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5288698","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5288698","article-title":"Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities","volume":"2022","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X14666190402100054","article-title":"Overview of Cellular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Piceatannol","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Stem. Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, Y., Liu, J., Wang, Z., Yu, L., and Wang, J. (2019). Piceatannol Protects Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Modulating PI3K\/Akt Signaling Pathway. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071515"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b05982","article-title":"Resveratrol Analogs with Antioxidant Activity Inhibit Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Caco-2 Cell Growth by Modulating Arachidonic Acid Cascade","volume":"67","author":"Storniolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agr. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, P., Ji, S., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., and Wang, T. (2020). Piceatannol Ameliorates Hepatic Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Weaned Piglets Challenged with Diquat. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10071239"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1518-9","article-title":"Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 expression in neuroprotection by piceatannol, a natural analog and a metabolite of resveratrol, against glutamate-mediated oxidative injury in HT22 neuronal cells","volume":"45","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e13820","article-title":"Piceatannol alleviate ROS-mediated PC-12 cells damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through SIRT3\/FOXO3a signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"126","article-title":"Improvement effect of piceatannol on cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.108998","article-title":"Piceatannol antagonizes lipolysis by promoting autophagy-lysosome-dependent degradation of lipolytic protein clusters in adipocytes","volume":"105","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6057","article-title":"Rottlerin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death through a PKC-delta-independent pathway in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: The protective role of autophagy in apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12971","article-title":"Icariside II, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, protects against H2O2-induced PC12 cells death by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated autophagy","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30963-z","article-title":"UBXD1 is a mitochondrial recruitment factor for p97\/VCP and promotes mitophagy","volume":"8","author":"Bento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.06.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of autophagic lysosomal pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"223","author":"Cardoso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00094","article-title":"Perindopril Improves Cardiac Function by Enhancing the Expression of SIRT3 and PGC-1 alpha in a Rat Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurunathan, S., Jeyaraj, M., Kang, M.H., and Kim, J.H. (2020). Anticancer Properties of Platinum Nanoparticles and Retinoic Acid: Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Human Neuroblastoma Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186792"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470725207.ch5","article-title":"Transcriptional control of mitochondrial energy metabolism through the PGC1 coactivators","volume":"Volume 287","author":"Spiegelman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitochondrial Biology: New Perspectives: Novartis Foundation Symposium 287"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"787","article-title":"Acetylation of PGC1 alpha by Histone Deacetylase 1 Downregulation Is Implicated in Radiation-Induced Senescence of Brain Endothelial Cells","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.024","article-title":"Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators","volume":"127","author":"Drori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2018.4261","article-title":"Effects of Piceatannol and Resveratrol on Sirtuins and Hepatic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50905","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in ischemic acute kidney injury by disrupting TFAM-mediated mtDNA maintenance","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37889","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37889","article-title":"Human mitochondrial transcriptional factor A breaks the mitochondria-mediated vicious cycle in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Oka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12989","article-title":"The mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM in neurodegeneration: Emerging evidence and mechanisms","volume":"592","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.07.033","article-title":"Protective effect of piceatannol and bioactive stilbene derivatives against hypoxia-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and structural elucidation as 5-LOX inhibitors","volume":"180","author":"Boccellino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.28954","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of autophagy and dNTP pools in human cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00287","article-title":"Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Protects Neurons against Excitotoxicity through Inhibiting Excessive Autophagy Induced by Glutamate","volume":"10","author":"Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108492","article-title":"Identification of the Fosl1\/AMPK\/autophagy axis involved in apoptotic and inflammatory effects following spinal cord injury","volume":"103","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02896-2","article-title":"LncRNA MIAT Promotes Spinal Cord Injury Recovery in Rats by Regulating RBFOX2-Mediated Alternative Splicing of MCL-1","volume":"59","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.018","article-title":"Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease","volume":"132","author":"Levine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21228","article-title":"Resetting glutamine-dependent metabolism and oxygen consumption","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00756-7","article-title":"Berberine attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by t-BHP via inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction in PC-12 cells","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2017.11.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial SIRT3 and neurodegenerative brain disorders","volume":"95","author":"Anamika","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09897-1","article-title":"SIRT3 mediates hippocampal synaptic adaptations to intermittent fasting and ameliorates deficits in APP mutant mice","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-021-08693-9","article-title":"SIRT3 Regulates Neuronal Excitability of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Models in an Oxidative Stress-Dependent Manner","volume":"24","author":"Ying","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-009-1132-2","article-title":"Stilbenes and oligostilbenes from leaf and stem of Vitis amurensis and their cytotoxic activity","volume":"32","author":"Ha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1052208","article-title":"SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and salvage by melatonin","volume":"11","author":"Pi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2017.21.1.83","article-title":"Intravenous administration of piceatannol, an arginase inhibitor, improves endothelial dysfunction in aged mice","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.04.009","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in mitochondrial autophagy","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/13\/2973\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:03:25Z","timestamp":1760126605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/13\/2973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15132973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15132973","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}}}