{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:54:09Z","timestamp":1779890049792,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-1G-4262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1G-4262"]}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["82073574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073574"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-1G-4262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1G-4262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few studies have examined the sex differences in left ventricle (LV) structure and physiology from early life stages. We aimed to assess the role of sex and overweight\/obesity on left ventricular mass (LVM) and LV volume in Chinese children without preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. We selected 934 healthy children aged 6\u20138 years from an existing cohort in Beijing, China. Linear regression models were used to regress body mass index (BMI), fat mass, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and visceral fat area (VFA) with LVM, left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and end-systolic volume (LVESV). Higher BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, VFA, and stroke volume (SV) predicted higher LVM, LVEDV, and LVESV in both sexes. Multivariable analysis showed that boys with an elevated BMI had greater LV hypertrophy. LVEDV and LVESV were higher among boys than among girls and increased with higher BMI in both boys and girls. LVEDV and LVESV were associated with VFA in boys. We observed sex differences in LVM, LVESV, and LVEDV among prepubertal children, independent of obesity, with higher values observed in boys. Sex differences in cardiac structure in children may help explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in male adults. Whether interventions to reduce childhood obesity can improve the trajectory of cardiac dynamics is worth investigating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15133066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1688950055000},"page":"3066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sex-Specific Differences in Left Ventricular Mass and Volumes with Body Mass Index among Children Aged 6 to 8: A Cross-Sectional Study in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Huidi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"},{"name":"Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China"},{"name":"Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nubiya","family":"Amaerjiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawulan","family":"Zunong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sten H.","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510-3201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160ileikien\u0117, R., Adamonyt\u0117, K., Ziutelien\u0117, A., Ramanauskien\u0117, E., and Va\u0161kelyt\u0117, J.J. 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