{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:01:47Z","timestamp":1790089307184,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ronald Adolfsson"},{"name":"Berth Von Kantzow Foundation"},{"name":"Family Erling-Persson Foundations"},{"name":"Skandia Foundation"},{"name":"Margareta Nilsson\u2019s Foundation"},{"name":"Stockholm County Research Council"},{"name":"Stockholm Regional Research Foundation"},{"name":"Swedish Society of Medicine"},{"name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of four isocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on postprandial blood glucose, lipids, and glucagon in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Seventeen subjects tested four isocaloric meals in a randomized crossover design. The meal compositions were as follows: high-carbohydrate (HC); high-carbohydrate with extra fiber (HC-fiber); low-carbohydrate high-protein (HP); and low-carbohydrate high-fat (HF). Blood glucose and lipid measurements were collected up to 4 h and glucagon up to 3 h postprandially. Mean postprandial glucose excursions were lower after the HP compared to the HC (p = 0.036) and HC-fiber meals (p = 0.002). There were no differences in mean glucose excursions after the HF meal compared to the HC and HP meals. The HF meal resulted in higher triglyceride excursions compared to the HP meal (p &lt; 0.001) but not compared to the HC or HC-fiber meals. Glucagon excursions were higher at 180 min after the HP meal compared to the HC and HF meals. In conclusion, the low-carbohydrate HP meal showed the most favorable glycemic and metabolic effects during a 4 h postprandial period in subjects with T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T01:42:58Z","timestamp":1689039778000},"page":"3092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Isocaloric Meals on Postprandial Glycemic and Metabolic Markers in Type 1 Diabetes\u2014A Randomized Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Afroditi Alexandra","family":"Barouti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu Bogdan","family":"Catrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Brismar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Rajamand Ekberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.517","article-title":"The relationship of postprandial glucose to HbA1c","volume":"20","author":"Landgraf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metab. 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