{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:02:17Z","timestamp":1779930137372,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY014800"]}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["EY034497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY034497"]}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001116","name":"Foundation Fighting Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001116","name":"Foundation Fighting Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY034497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY034497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001116","name":"Foundation Fighting Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY014800"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["EY034497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY034497"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA-NMT-0618-0736-UUT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipids serve many roles in the neural system, from synaptic stabilization and signaling to DNA regulation and neuroprotection. They also regulate inflammatory responses, maintain cellular membrane structure, and regulate the homeostatic balance of ions and signaling molecules. An imbalance of lipid subgroups is implicated in the progression of many retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy, and diet can play a key role in influencing these diseases\u2019 onset, progression, and severity. A special class of lipids termed very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) is found exclusively in mammalian vertebrate retinas and a few other tissues. They comprise &lt;2% of fatty acids in the retina and are depleted in the retinas of patients with diseases like diabetic retinopathy and AMD. However, the implications of the reduction in VLC-PUFA levels are poorly understood. Dietary supplementation studies and ELOVL4 transgene studies have had positive outcomes. However, much remains to be understood about their role in retinal health and the potential for targeted therapies against retinal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T01:42:58Z","timestamp":1689039778000},"page":"3096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Understanding the Roles of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (VLC-PUFAs) in Eye Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7122-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uzoamaka","family":"Nwagbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4228-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul S.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75767-6","article-title":"A Novel Group of Very Long Chain Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Dipolyunsaturated Phosphatidylcholines from Vertebrate Retina","volume":"262","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. 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