{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:20:56Z","timestamp":1760149256238,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005402","name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA HM2017-026","WF02\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA HM2017-026","WF02\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004482","name":"Kuwait University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA HM2017-026","WF02\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA HM2017-026","WF02\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leucine-rich \u03b1-2 glycoprotein1 (LRG1) has been shown to be associated with several health conditions; however, its association with iron deficiency anemia, especially in children, has not been previously explored. In this study, we investigated the association between LRG1 and several iron deficiency anemia markers, including hemoglobin (Hb), albumin, red cell distribution width (RDW), iron, ferritin, and Hb transferrin saturation. A total of 431 participants were included in this analysis aged between 11 and 14 years. Higher LRG1 levels were observed in children diagnosed with anemia [31.1 (24.6, 43.2) \u00b5g\/mL] compared to non-anemic children [29.2 (22.7\u201335.95) \u00b5g\/mL]. Statistically significant differences of LRG1 level across the three groups (tertiles) of Hb, iron, transferrin saturation, albumin, RDW, ferritin, and WBC were observed. Strong negative correlations were observed between LRG1 and Hb (Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.11, p = 0.021), albumin (Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.24, p &lt; 0.001), iron (Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.25, p &lt; 0.001), and Hb transferrin saturation (Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.24, p &lt; 0.001), whereas circulating LRG1 levels were positively associated with RDW (Spearman\u2019s rho = 0.21, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate for the first time the strong association between iron deficiency anemia markers and LRG1 in otherwise healthy school-aged children. However, further studies are needed to corroborate those results and to look for similar associations in other population subgroups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T01:01:41Z","timestamp":1689123701000},"page":"3100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LRG1 Associates with Iron Deficiency Anemia Markers in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8357-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abu-Farha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5115-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thangavel Alphonse","family":"Thanaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lemia","family":"Shaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Alsabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8974-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha M.","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arshad","family":"Channanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahd","family":"Al-Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jehad","family":"Abubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01202-2","article-title":"Burden of anemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"14","author":"Safiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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