{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:13:20Z","timestamp":1781925200178,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD099249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD099249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD099249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD099249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adequate dietary quality is necessary for children\u2019s appropriate development and may be influenced by family factors. This study with 24 healthy 3\u20135-year-old children assessed the associations of parental stress and household food insecurity (HFI) with a child\u2019s dietary quality. Parents completed three 24 h dietary recalls, and the Healthy Eating Index was calculated to assess dietary quality. Parents also completed a questionnaire, including The Perceived Stress Scale (assessing overall parental stress) and the Hunger Vital Sign screen (assessing HFI). Children\u2019s height\/weight were measured, and BMIz was calculated. Separate multivariable linear regression models assessed the association of dietary quality components with HFI and parental stress, adjusting for household income, child sex, and child BMI z-score. In bivariate analyses, children with HFI consumed more added sugars, and parental stress was associated with the child\u2019s greens\/beans intake. In multivariable analysis, HFI was associated with lower total protein scores and higher added sugar intake, while parental stress was associated with lower greens\/beans intake. Higher household income was associated with higher total vegetable and sodium intake, and children with a higher BMIz had a lower total protein intake. Parental stress and HFI can impact a child\u2019s dietary quality; providers should counsel families on strategies to improve diet quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:56:47Z","timestamp":1689555407000},"page":"3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Pilot Study Examining the Association of Parental Stress and Household Food Insecurity with Dietary Quality in Pre-School-Aged Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Madison","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara Z.","family":"Vitolins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Skelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward H.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callie L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.3.323","article-title":"Food intakes of US children and adolescents compared with recommendations","volume":"100","author":"Cleveland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215262","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5262","article-title":"Trends in Food Sources and Diet Quality Among US Children and Adults, 2003\u20132018","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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