{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:40:20Z","timestamp":1790300420245,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22_00366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22_00366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)","award":["PI19\/00451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00451"]}]},{"name":"FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)","award":["PI22_00366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22_00366"]}]},{"name":"FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)","award":["PI20\/00399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00399"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has a negative impact on offspring\u2019s health. Epigenetic modifications mediate these associations by causing changes in gene expression. We studied the association between GWG and DNA methylation in umbilical cord tissue; and determined whether the DNA methylation and the expression of corresponding annotated genes were associated with obesity-related parameters in offspring at 6 years of age. The methylated CpG sites (CpGs) associated with GWG were identified in umbilical cord tissue by genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 24). Twelve top CpGs were validated in a wider sample by pyrosequencing (n = 87), and the expression of their 5 annotated genes (SETD8, TMEM214, SLIT3, RPTOR, and HOXC8) was assessed by RT-PCR. Pyrosequencing results validated the association of SETD8, SLIT3, and RPTOR methylation with GWG and showed that higher levels of SETD8 and RPTOR methylation and lower levels of SLIT3 methylation relate to a higher risk of obesity in the offspring. The association of SETD8 and SLIT3 gene expression with offspring outcomes paralleled the association of methylation levels in opposite directions. Epigenetic changes in the umbilical cord tissue could explain, in part, the relationship between GWG and offspring obesity risk and be early biomarkers for the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1689644116000},"page":"3175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gestational Weight Gain Relates to DNA Methylation in Umbilical Cord, Which, In Turn, Associates with Offspring Obesity-Related Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Berta","family":"Mas-Par\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Xargay-Torrent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8183-5218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"G\u00f3mez-Vilarrubla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materno-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Carreras-Badosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5253-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Prats-Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"De Zegher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, Research Institute Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, 08950 Esplugues, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Bassols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materno-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, 17190 Salt, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2017.1422109","article-title":"Maternal obesity, diabetes during pregnancy and epigenetic mechanisms that influence the developmental origins of cardiometabolic disease in the offspring","volume":"55","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. 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