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The association between dairy product consumption and cognitive function in older people remains unknown. We investigated whether cheese intake is associated with lower cognitive function (LCF) in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 1503 adults aged over 65 years. The analyzed data were obtained through face-to-face interviews and functional ability measurement. Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and a score \u226423 was defined as LCF. The prevalence of LCF was 4.6%, and this group had smaller calf circumference, slower usual walking speed, and a more frequent history of anemia than subjects with MMSE scores &gt;23. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis revealed cheese intake (odds ratio (OR) = 0.404, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.198\u20130.824), age (OR = 1.170, 95% CI = 1.089\u20131.256), usual walking speed (OR = 0.171, 95% CI = 0.062\u20130.472) and calf circumference (OR = 0.823, 95% CI = 0.747\u20130.908) to be significant factors associated with LCF. Although the present study was an analysis of cross-sectional data of Japanese community-dwelling older adults, the results suggest that cheese intake is inversely associated with LCF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:54:01Z","timestamp":1689728041000},"page":"3181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inverse Association between Cheese Consumption and Lower Cognitive Function in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults Based on a Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1614-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hunkyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaon Research Center, 402 Pangyo Medical Tower, Seongnam-shi 13466, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Osuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narumi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi 173-0015, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi 173-0015, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Oba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuki","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Function Research Department, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, J. F. 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