{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:44:55Z","timestamp":1788021895781,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"University of Turin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ROSC_RILO_21_01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ROSC_RILO_21_01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"University of Turin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D15D18000410001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D15D18000410001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca\u2014MIUR)","award":["ROSC_RILO_21_01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ROSC_RILO_21_01"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca\u2014MIUR)","award":["D15D18000410001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D15D18000410001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Late chronotype, the individual\u2019s aptitude to perform daily activities late in the day, has been associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential association of chronotype and adherence to the MedDiet with the liver fibrosis risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver stiffness was assessed in 126 patients by FibroScan\u00ae530. Significant (F \u2265 2) and advanced (F \u2265 3) hepatic fibrosis were defined according to liver stiffness values \u22657.1 kPa and \u22658.8 kPa, respectively. Chronotype (MSFsc) was defined by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was defined by the Mediterranean diet score (MDS). Overall, the median age was 55 (46\u201363) years, and 57.9% of participants were male. The principal comorbidities were type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (26.1%), arterial hypertension (53.1%), dyslipidaemia (63.4%), obstructive sleep apnoea (5.5%) and depression (5.5%). Most subjects (65.0%) had intermediate + late chronotype and showed higher mid-sleep on workdays (p &lt; 0.001) and on work-free days (p &lt; 0.001) compared to those with early chronotype. In the logistic regression model, intermediate + late chronotype (p = 0.024), MDS (p = 0.019) and T2DM (p = 0.004) were found to be significantly and independently associated with the risk of both F \u2265 2 And F \u2265 3. We observed that the intermediate + late chronotype and low adherence to the MedDiet were associated with both significant and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:12:28Z","timestamp":1690161148000},"page":"3257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Chronotype and Mediterranean Diet on the Risk of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Perez-Diaz-del-Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Guariglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7245-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Armandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Nicolosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0529-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Paolo","family":"Caviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0502-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bugianesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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