{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:02Z","timestamp":1760149322091,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012620","name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province","award":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System Foundation","award":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta","award":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221134","2021LZGC024","2022LZGC010","CARS-27","2022SZX34"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this research, we analyzed the protective effects of red-fleshed apple flavonoid extracts (RAFEs) on male reproductive injury induced by busulfan, using both in vitro and in vivo models. In the cell-based experiments, RAFEs significantly improved cell viability and proliferation rates compared to control groups. Similarly, in vivo testing with male mice showed that RAFEs and whole apple flavonoid extracts (WAFEs) enhanced various biochemical and liver function-related indicators in the testes; however, RAFEs demonstrated superior efficacy in mitigating testicular damage. Through immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting, we found that RAFEs notably enhanced the expression of spermatogenesis-related genes. Moreover, RAFEs increased the expression of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes, thereby effectively reducing oxidative damage in the testes. These findings highlight the potential of RAFEs as natural agents for the prevention and treatment of male reproductive injury, paving the way for future research and potential therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T01:03:25Z","timestamp":1690333405000},"page":"3288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Red-Fleshed Apple Flavonoids Extract Alleviates Male Reproductive Injury Caused by Busulfan in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"},{"name":"China Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2726-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yugang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"},{"name":"China Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China"},{"name":"Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022","article-title":"Temporal trends in sperm count: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"23","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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