{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:55:50Z","timestamp":1780498550731,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Valeria Edefonti","award":["NIGMS\/NIH COBRE CBHD P20GM109035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS\/NIH COBRE CBHD P20GM109035"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIGMS\/NIH COBRE CBHD P20GM109035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS\/NIH COBRE CBHD P20GM109035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the role of pizza and its ingredients in modulating disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed this question via a recent cross-sectional study including 365 participants from Italy, the birthplace of pizza. Multiple robust linear and logistic regression models were fitted with the tertile consumption categories of each available pizza-related food item\/group (i.e., pizza, refined grains, mozzarella cheese, and olive oil) as independent variables, and each available RA activity measure (i.e., the Disease Activity Score on 28 joints with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI)) as the dependent variable. Stratified analyses were carried out according to the disease severity or duration. Participants eating half a pizza &gt;1 time\/week (vs. \u22642 times\/month) reported beneficial effects on disease activity, with the significant reductions of ~70% (overall analysis), and 80% (the more severe stratum), and the significant beta coefficients of \u22120.70 for the DAS28-CRP, and \u22123.6 for the SDAI (overall analysis) and of \u22121.10 and \u22125.30 (in long-standing and more severe RA, respectively). Among the pizza-related food items\/groups, mozzarella cheese and olive oil showed beneficial effects, especially in the more severe stratum. Future cohort studies are needed to confirm this beneficial effect of pizza and related food items\/groups on RA disease activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T09:28:04Z","timestamp":1691141284000},"page":"3449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Does Pizza Consumption Favor an Improved Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"De Vito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Data Science Initiative, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, 121 South Main Street and 164 Angell Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Parpinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela Carola","family":"Speciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology \u201cG. 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Maccacaro\u201d, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2886-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Caporali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Clinic, ASST Gaetano Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Piazza A. Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Ingegnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Clinic, ASST Gaetano Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Piazza A. Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Scotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Clinic, ASST Gaetano Pini, Piazza A. Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Schioppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Generale II, Ospedale San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudin\u00ec 8, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6790-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Ubiali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UO Reumatologia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS\u2014Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanit\u00e0 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5396-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Cutolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova\u2014IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, Via S. 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Maccacaro\u201d, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/j1l5l3","article-title":"One year in review 2021: Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Testa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200367","article-title":"The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Population-based Studies","volume":"48","author":"Almutairi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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