{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:21:19Z","timestamp":1793467279617,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H03390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Funding of Longevity Sciences","award":["21H03390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H03390"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding of Longevity Sciences","award":["22-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysphagia is a syndrome of abnormal eating function resulting from a variety of causative diseases, and is associated with malnutrition. To date, the swallowing function has been difficult to examine without the use of invasive and expensive methods, such as the videofluorographic swallowing study or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. In recent years, progress has been made in the clinical application of ultrasound equipment for the evaluation of body compositions near the body surface, including the assessment of nutritional status. Ultrasound examination is a noninvasive procedure and relatively inexpensive, and the equipment required is highly portable thanks to innovations such as wireless probes and tablet monitoring devices. The process of using ultrasound to visualize the geniohyoid muscle, digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, hyoid bone, tongue, masseter muscle, genioglossus muscle, orbicularis oris muscle, temporalis muscle, pharynx, esophagus, and larynx, and the methods used for evaluating these structures, are provided in this study in detail. This study also aims to propose a protocol for the assessment of swallowing-related muscles that can be applied in real-world clinical practice for the diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia, which can occur in elderly patients with sarcopenia, and has received much attention in recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:40:31Z","timestamp":1692009631000},"page":"3560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Ultrasonography for Eating and Swallowing Assessment: A Narrative Review of Integrated Insights for Noninvasive Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoomi","family":"Nagasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0629-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayano","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, Nishinomiya 663-8211, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0277-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Nagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama 701-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8555-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kakeru","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5089-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koki","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016639057","article-title":"Post-stroke dysphagia: A review and design considerations for future trials","volume":"11","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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