{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:17:24Z","timestamp":1778786244181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent years have witnessed the emergence of growing evidence concerning vitamin D\u2019s potential role in women\u2019s health, specifically in postmenopausal women. This evidence also includes its connection to various genitourinary disorders and symptoms. Numerous clinical studies have observed improvements in vulvovaginal symptoms linked to the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) with vitamin D supplementation. These studies have reported positive effects on various aspects, such as vaginal pH, dryness, sexual functioning, reduced libido, and decreased urinary tract infections. Many mechanisms underlying these pharmacological effects have since been proposed. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) have been identified as a major contributor to its effects. It is now well known that VDRs are expressed in the superficial layers of the urogenital organs. Additionally, vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting immune function and modulating the body\u2019s defense mechanisms. However, the characterization of these effects requires more investigation. Reviewing existing evidence regarding vitamin D\u2019s impact on postmenopausal women\u2019s vaginal, sexual, and urological health is the purpose of this article. As research in this area continues, there is a potential for vitamin D to support women\u2019s urogenital and sexual health during the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:41:18Z","timestamp":1693482078000},"page":"3804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D on Vaginal, Sexual, and Urological Functions in Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Hassanein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6423-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasniza Zaman","family":"Huri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4481-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abduelmula R.","family":"Abduelkarem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, University City Road\u2014University City, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City Road\u2014University City, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kauser","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.07.045","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: An overview of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"215","author":"Gandhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. 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