{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:54:04Z","timestamp":1782446044821,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The pattern of the plasma glucose response curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is of prognostic significance with \u201cbiphasic\u201d when compared with \u201cmonophasic\u201d patterns being associated with greater insulin sensitivity\/secretion and a reduced risk of progression to diabetes. The relationships of the glucose response curves with gastric emptying and incretin hormone secretion are not known. Methods: Thirty-six adults (age &gt; 65 years) without known diabetes consumed a 300 mL drink containing 75 g glucose and 150 mg C13-acetate at baseline and follow-up after 5.8 \u00b1 0.1 years. Plasma glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose independent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and insulin were measured, and participants classified according to the pattern of their glucose response. Gastric emptying was measured on breath samples (stable isotope breath test). Results: At baseline, 22 participants had a \u201cmonophasic\u201d and 14 a \u201cbiphasic\u201d glucose response. The 1 h plasma glucose response curve was greater and the GLP-1 AUC0\u2013120 min and insulin secretion lower in the monophasic group. There were no differences in gastric emptying, GIP or insulin sensitivity. At the follow-up, the 1 h glucose response curve was greater again, while GLP-1 AUC0\u2013120 min was lower in the monophasic group. Conclusions: A biphasic curve is associated with a higher 60 min glucose response curve and increases in GLP-1, but no difference in either GIP or gastric emptying.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T10:09:50Z","timestamp":1694081390000},"page":"3889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Biphasic Glucose Response during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Is Associated with Greater Plasma Insulin and GLP-1 Responses and a Reduction in 1-Hour Glucose but Does Not Relate to the Rate of Gastric Emptying in Healthy, Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4969-4771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Jalleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Diabetes Services, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmay S.","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence G.","family":"Trahair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen L","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.08.013","article-title":"One-hour post-load plasma glucose level during the OGTT predicts dysglycemia: Observations from the 24 year follow-up of the Israel Study of Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension","volume":"120","author":"Bergman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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