{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:57:10Z","timestamp":1791575830256,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA-NIFA","award":["2019-67017-29259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67017-29259"]}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA","award":["OHO01452-MRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OHO01452-MRF"]}]},{"name":"USDA-HATCH","award":["2019-67017-29259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67017-29259"]}]},{"name":"USDA-HATCH","award":["OHO01452-MRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OHO01452-MRF"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center","award":["2019-67017-29259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-67017-29259"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center","award":["OHO01452-MRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OHO01452-MRF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catechins in green tea extract (GTE) (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG)) vary in bioactivity. We developed a physiologically relevant mathematical model of catechin metabolism to test the hypothesis that fractional catabolic rates of catechins would be differentially affected by their structural attributes. Pharmacokinetic data of plasma and urine catechin concentrations were used from healthy adults (n = 19) who ingested confections containing 0.5 g GTE (290 mg EGCG, 87 mg EGC, 39 mg EC, 28 mg ECG). A 7-compartmental model of catechin metabolism comprised of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small and large intestine), liver, plasma, extravascular tissues, and kidneys was developed using a mean fraction dose of EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC. Fitting was by iterative least squares regression analysis, and goodness of fit was ascertained by the estimated variability of parameters (FSD &lt; 0.5). The interaction of gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation most greatly extended plasma residence time such that EGC &gt; EC = EGCG &gt; EGC. The interaction between gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation accelerated the transfer from the upper gastrointestinal tract to the small intestine but delayed subsequent transfers from the small intestine through the liver to plasma and from kidneys to urine. Gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation independently delayed the transfer from plasma to extravascular tissues, except the uptake to kidneys, which was slowed by gallation only. This multi-compartment model, to be validated in a future study, suggests that gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation affect catechin catabolism in a tissue-specific manner and thus their potential bioactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gallation and B-Ring Dihydroxylation Increase Green Tea Catechin Residence Time in Plasma by Differentially Affecting Tissue-Specific Trafficking: Compartmental Model of Catechin Kinetics in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9187-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna K.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey Y.","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Vodovotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.12.176","article-title":"Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular and Ischemic Related Diseases: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"202","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319894685","article-title":"Tea Consumption and the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: The China-Par Project","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"CD005004","article-title":"Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) for the Prevention of Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Filippini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casanova, E., Salvado, J., Crescenti, A., and Gibert-Ramos, A. (2019). Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030532"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.143","article-title":"The Anti-Obesity Effects of Green Tea in Human Intervention and Basic Molecular Studies","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003887","article-title":"Tea Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.08.008","article-title":"Green Tea Extract Outperforms Metformin in Lipid Profile and Glycaemic Control in Overweight Women: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial","volume":"22","author":"Mota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000511665","article-title":"Effect of Green Tea on Anthropometric Indices and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Asbaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.11.004","article-title":"Effect of Green Tea on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Asbaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108455","article-title":"Epigallocatechin Gallate but Not Catechin Prevents Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice Similar to Green Tea Extract While Differentially Affecting the Gut Microbiota","volume":"84","author":"Dey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108478","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Green Tea Catechins Along the Gut-Liver Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Lessons Learned from Preclinical and Human Studies","volume":"85","author":"Hodges","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Lai, L., You, Y., Gao, R., Xiang, J., Wang, G., and Yu, W. (2023). Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Commercial Teas: Profiling Catechin Alkaloids, Phenolic Acids, and Flavonols Using Targeted Statistical Approaches. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163098"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8198","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.911175","article-title":"Epigallocatechin Gallate Is the Most Effective Catechin against Antioxidant Stress via Hydrogen Peroxide and Radical Scavenging Activity","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Tea Catechins after Ingestion of Green Tea and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate by Humans: Formation of Different Metabolites and Individual Variability","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109071","article-title":"Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (Mrp2) Is an Efflux Transporter of EGCG and its Metabolites in the Human Small Intestine","volume":"107","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.3.0009","article-title":"Intestinal Efflux Transport Kinetics of Green Tea Catechins in Caco-2 Monolayer Model","volume":"59","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeki, K., Hayakawa, S., Nakano, S., Ito, S., Oishi, Y., Suzuki, Y., and Isemura, M. (2018). In Vitro and in Silico Studies of the Molecular Interactions of Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate (EGCG) with Proteins That Explain the Health Benefits of Green Tea. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061295"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23117","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.23117","article-title":"Molecular Determinants of the Interaction of EGCG with Ordered and Disordered Proteins","volume":"109","author":"Fusco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.58","article-title":"Renal Albumin Filtration: Alternative Models to the Standard Physical Barriers","volume":"9","author":"Moeller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1021\/jf500246m","article-title":"Role of the Flavan-3-Ol and Galloyl Moieties in the Interaction of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate with Serum Albumin","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129750","article-title":"Effects of Zinc Binding on the Binding of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Green Tea) to Bovine Serum Albumin and Myoglobin","volume":"357","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernatoniene, J., and Kopustinskiene, D.M. (2018). The Role of Catechins in Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040965"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501707p","article-title":"Radical Scavenging of White Tea and Its Flavonoid Constituents by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (Epr) Spectroscopy","volume":"62","author":"Azman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasaki, G.Y., Vodovotz, Y., Yu, Z., and Bruno, R.S. (2022). Catechin Bioavailability Following Consumption of a Green Tea Extract Confection Is Reduced in Obese Persons without Affecting Gut Microbial-Derived Valerolactones. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122490"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.4.12.370","article-title":"A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"1918","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0942-x","article-title":"Estimated Intake and Major Food Sources of Flavonoids among US Adults: Changes between 1999\u20132002 and 2007\u20132010 in NHANES","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100495","article-title":"Intestinal-Level Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivities of Catechin-Rich Green Tea: Rationale, Design, and Methods of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial in Metabolic Syndrome and Healthy Adults","volume":"17","author":"Hodges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin Trials Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.07.059","article-title":"High-Throughput Analysis of Catechins and Theaflavins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection","volume":"1132","author":"Neilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00144-6","article-title":"WinSAAM: A Windows-Based Compartmental Modeling System","volume":"52","author":"Stefanovski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V33.5.649.649","article-title":"Erythrocyte Volume, Plasma Volume, and Lean Body Mass in Adult Men and Women","volume":"33","author":"Retzlaff","year":"1969","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholl, C., Lepper, A., Lehr, T., Hanke, N., Schneider, K.L., Brockmoller, J., Seufferlein, T., and Stingl, J.C. (2018). Population Nutrikinetics of Green Tea Extract. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193074"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Z.Y., Li, X.M., Liang, J.P., Xiang, L.P., Wang, K.R., Shi, Y.L., Yang, R., Shi, M., Ye, J.H., and Lu, J.L. (2018). Bioavailability of Tea Catechins and its Improvement. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092346"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00305","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.305","article-title":"Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tea Catechin Mixture in Rats and Humans","volume":"5","author":"Law","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900194","article-title":"Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of Green Tea Flavan-3-Ols in Humans with an Ileostomy","volume":"54","author":"Stalmach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00710-7","article-title":"Green Tea and Cancer and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Review of the Current Epidemiological Evidence","volume":"75","author":"Abe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c01283","article-title":"Gallate Moiety of Catechin Is Essential for Inhibiting Ccl2 Chemokine-Mediated Monocyte Recruitment","volume":"71","author":"Tripathi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109094","article-title":"EGCG and Catechin Relative to Green Tea Extract Differentially Modulate the Gut Microbial Metabolome and Liver Metabolome to Prevent Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"109","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2021.2024715","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Catechins in an Experimental Parkinson\u2019s Disease Model and Sk-N-as Cells: Evaluation of Cell Viability, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects","volume":"44","author":"Ozduran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2018.01.002","article-title":"Biophysical Evidence for Differential Gallated Green Tea Catechins Binding to Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase and its Interactors","volume":"234","author":"Djerir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lnenickova, K., Prochazkova, E., Skalova, L., Matouskova, P., Bartikova, H., Soucek, P., and Szotakova, B. (2016). Catechins Variously Affect Activities of Conjugation Enzymes in Proliferating and Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091186"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7970","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048741x","article-title":"Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, Using Their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in the Presence of Neocuproine: Cuprac Method","volume":"52","author":"Apak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2011.01870.x","article-title":"Epicatechin Gallate and Catechin Gallate Are Superior to Epigallocatechin Gallate in Growth Suppression and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Pancreatic Tumor Cells","volume":"102","author":"Kurbitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.07.026","article-title":"The Influence of in Vivo Metabolic Modifications on Admet Properties of Green Tea Catechins-in Silico Analysis","volume":"107","author":"Matic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Simone, G., di Masi, A., and Ascenzi, P. (2021). Serum Albumin: A Multifaced Enzyme. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810086"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gburek, J., Konopska, B., and Golab, K. (2021). Renal Handling of Albumin-from Early Findings to Current Concepts. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115809"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.8.1529S","article-title":"Nongallated Compared with Gallated Flavan-3-Ols in Green and Black Tea Are More Bioavailable","volume":"138","author":"Henning","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.12.002","article-title":"Human Serum Albumin: From Bench to Bedside","volume":"33","author":"Fanali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2014.983605","article-title":"Stability of Tea Polyphenols Solution with Different pH at Different Temperatures","volume":"20","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2021.12.024","article-title":"Effect of Digestive Enzymes and pH on Variation of Bioavailability of Green Tea During Simulated in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(01)00131-5","article-title":"Simulated Intestinal Digestion of Green and Black Teas","volume":"73","author":"Record","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NP00062J","article-title":"Phenyl-Gamma-Valerolactones and Phenylvaleric Acids, the Main Colonic Metabolites of Flavan-3-Ols: Synthesis, Analysis, Bioavailability, and Bioactivity","volume":"36","author":"Mena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250110079149","article-title":"Plasma Concentrations of Individual Tea Catechins after a Single Oral Dose in Humans","volume":"31","author":"Mathot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/18\/4021\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:52:23Z","timestamp":1760129543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/18\/4021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15184021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15184021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]}}}