{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:59Z","timestamp":1787029199945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a growing public health issue with high financial, social, and medical costs. Lonicera caerulea, which is rich in polyphenolic compounds, has been shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti\u2013inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of concentrated Lonicera caerulea juice (LCJ) on ALD in mice. ALD was established in mice via gradient alcohol feeding for 30 days. The mice in the experimental group were given LCJ by gavage. The reduction of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the serum of mice indicated that LCJ has a liver-protective effect. LCJ improved the expression of AMPK, PPAR\u03b1, and CPT1b in ALD mice to reduce the liver lipid content. Additionally, LCJ increased the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which lowers the expression of cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and lessens bile acid deposition in the liver. In mice, LCJ improved the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of mucins and tight junction proteins in the small intestine. Moreover, it accelerated the restoration of microbial homeostasis in both the large and small intestines and increased short\u2013chain fatty acids in the cecum. In conclusion, LCJ alleviates ALD by reducing liver and serum lipid accumulation and modulating the FXR\u2013FGF15 signaling pathway mediated by gut microbes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"4025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lonicera Caerulea Juice Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Flora and the FXR-FGF15 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7224-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baixi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.004","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"20","author":"Dunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.011","article-title":"Burden of liver disease in Europe: Epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies","volume":"69","author":"Pimpin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.007","article-title":"Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Rehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003327","article-title":"Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology","volume":"63","author":"Crabb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"307","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Dasarathy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.35","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: Mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment","volume":"12","author":"Louvet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12956","article-title":"Alcoholic Hepatitis: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Approach to Treatment","volume":"40","author":"Yeluru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, Y.R., Kim, H.S., Yoon, S.J., Lee, N.Y., Gupta, H., Raja, G., Gebru, Y.A., Youn, G.S., Kim, D.J., and Ham, Y.L. (2021). Nutritional Status and Diet Style Affect Cognitive Function in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010185"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100972","article-title":"The gut-mediated function of polyphenols: Opinions on functional food development for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Mehmood, A., Yuan, D., Usman, M., Murtaza, M.A., Yaqoob, S., and Wang, C. (2021). Protective Mechanism of Edible Food Plants against Alcoholic Liver Disease with Special Mention to Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051612"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2020.03.38","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenols play a preventive effect on alcoholic fatty liver disease C57BL\/6 J mice by promoting autophagy to accelerate lipolysis to eliminate excessive TG accumulation in hepatocytes","volume":"9","author":"Zhuge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amen, Y., Sherif, A.E., Shawky, N.M., Abdelrahman, R.S., Wink, M., and Sobeh, M. (2020). Grape-Leaf Extract Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via Interference with NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040558"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cesonien\u0117, L., Labokas, J., Jasutien\u0117, I., \u0160arkinas, A., Ka\u0161konien\u0117, V., Ka\u0161konas, P., Kazernavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, R., Pa\u017eereckait\u0117, A., and Daubaras, R. (2021). Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Lonicera caerulea Berries: Evaluation of 11 Cultivars. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040624"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2128035","article-title":"Lonicera caerulea (Haskap berries): A review of development traceability, functional value, product development status, future opportunities, and challenges","volume":"43","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.11.051","article-title":"Effect of dried powder preparation process on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of blue honeysuckle berries (Lonicera caerulea L. var. kamtschatica)","volume":"67","author":"Lachowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lwt-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.1021\/jf104565y","article-title":"Separation, Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Blueberries and Red and Black Currants by HPLC\u2013DAD\u2013ESI-MSn","volume":"59","author":"Gavrilova","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600858","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600858","article-title":"Polyphenols from Lonicera caerulea L. berry attenuate experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines productions and lipid peroxidation","volume":"61","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.10.013","article-title":"Lonicera caerulea polyphenols inhibit fat absorption by regulating Nrf2-ARE pathway mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction and special microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12776","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12776","article-title":"Phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition effect of Salvia eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy against acetylcholinesterase, \u03b1-amylase, butyrylcholinesterase, and \u03b1-glycosidase enzymes","volume":"43","author":"Bursal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1186","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.272.5.G1186","article-title":"Female rats exhibit greater susceptibility to early alcohol-induced liver injury than males","volume":"272","author":"Iimuro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fulham, M.A., and Mandrekar, P. (2016). Sexual Dimorphism in Alcohol Induced Adipose Inflammation Relates to Liver Injury. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164225"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew324","article-title":"Comparison of goblet cell staining methods in jejunal mucosa of turkey poults","volume":"96","author":"Osho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800728","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800728","article-title":"Bile Salt Hydrolase and S-Layer Protein are the Key Factors Affecting the Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Lactobacillus casei-Fermented Milk in Hamsters","volume":"62","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SE00633A","article-title":"Production of biofuel precursor molecules (monocarboxylic acids, biohydrogen) from apple and pumpkin waste through an anaerobic fermentation process","volume":"5","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5820","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03219D","article-title":"Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury through ameliorating the lipid metabolism and modulating the intestinal microbial composition","volume":"13","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Zhang, N., Zhao, L., Wu, W., Zhang, L., Zhou, F., and Li, J. (2021). Astragalus Polysaccharides and Saponins Alleviate Liver Injury and Regulate Gut Microbiota in Alcohol Liver Disease Mice. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112688"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0099-1","article-title":"Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12650","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2070998","article-title":"The amelioration of alcohol-induced liver and intestinal barrier injury by Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach-Goldin (LGG) is dependent on Interleukin 22 (IL-22) expression","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089006","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2089006","article-title":"Recovery of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ameliorates hepatic steatosis in experimental alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Sangineto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.09.012","article-title":"The interaction among gut microbes, the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02040C","article-title":"Komagataeibacter hansenii CGMCC 3917 alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating fatty acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota diversity in mice","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9391","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01547A","article-title":"Fu brick tea alleviates alcoholic liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota\u2013liver axis and inhibiting the hepatic TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830693","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1830693","article-title":"Therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota by polysaccharides of Wolfiporia cocos reveals the contribution of the gut fungi-induced PGE2 to alcoholic hepatic steatosis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053718","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1053718","article-title":"Oenothein B ameliorates hepatic injury in alcoholic liver disease mice by improving oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Y.-J., Huang, Z.-R., You, S.-Z., Guo, W.-L., Zhang, F., Liu, B., Lv, X.-C., Lin, Z.-X., and Liu, P.-H. (2022). The Protective Effects of Ganoderic Acids from Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body on Alcoholic Liver Injury and Intestinal Microflora Disturbance in Mice with Excessive Alcohol Intake. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11070949"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0050","article-title":"The Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy by Annexin A1 via Regulation of Lipid Metabolism through AMPK\/PPAR\u03b1\/CPT1b Pathway","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549101","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/549101","article-title":"AMPK-Dependent Metabolic Regulation by PPAR Agonists","volume":"2010","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.03.041","article-title":"Effects of Lonicera caerulea berry extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity in rat liver cells: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100732","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100732","article-title":"Targeting AMPK Signaling by Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Prevention","volume":"66","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.11.057","article-title":"Activation of farnesoid X receptor attenuates hepatic injury in a murine model of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"443","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949095","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1949095","article-title":"Effect of different bile acids on the intestine through enterohepatic circulation based on FXR","volume":"13","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G554","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00223.2019","article-title":"Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy","volume":"318","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173498","article-title":"Hesperidin alleviates cholestasis via activation of the farnesoid X receptor in vitro and in vivo","volume":"885","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772435","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.772435","article-title":"Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptors or Farnesoid X Receptor","volume":"12","author":"She","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00012","article-title":"Naturally Occurring TPE-CA Maintains Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Homeostasis via FXR Signaling Modulation of the Liver\u2013Gut Axis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolig, A.S., Mittge, E.K., Ganz, J., Troll, J.V., Melancon, E., Wiles, T.J., Alligood, K., Stephens, W.Z., Eisen, J.S., and Guillemin, K. (2017). The enteric nervous system promotes intestinal health by constraining microbiota composition. PLoS Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2000689"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01804","article-title":"Protective Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila against Immune-Mediated Liver Injury in a Mouse Model","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966278","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1966278","article-title":"Identification of Allobaculum mucolyticum as a novel human intestinal mucin degrader","volume":"13","author":"Jansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0258-z","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Lavelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., and Ajuwon, K.M. (2017). Butyrate modifies intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells through a selective upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179586"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892441","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1892441","article-title":"Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila accelerates intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial development","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119626","article-title":"The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. confer anti-diabetic effect by regulating gut microbiota and intestinal barrier","volume":"291","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.02.015","article-title":"Oscillospira: A Central, Enigmatic Component of the Human Gut Microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Konikoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327756","article-title":"Gut commensal Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates inflammatory arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833414","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.833414","article-title":"Medicinal Formula Huazhi-Rougan Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis through Enhancing Fecal Bile Acid Excretion in Mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104246","article-title":"Puerarin improves intestinal barrier function through enhancing goblet cells and mucus barrier","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02231D","article-title":"Early-life supplementation of grape polyphenol extract promotes polyphenol absorption and modulates the intestinal microbiota in association with the increase in mRNA expression of the key intestinal barrier genes","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300468-JLR200","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the murine mucin gene 1 decreases susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9060","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01799G","article-title":"Myoglobin diet affected the colonic mucus layer and barrier by increasing the abundance of several beneficial gut bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5128-10.2011","article-title":"Subregional specification of embryonic stem cell-derived ventral telencephalic tissues by timed and combinatory treatment with extrinsic signals","volume":"31","author":"Danjo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.12.131","article-title":"PTUPB ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice","volume":"523","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E289","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00356.2015","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 inhibits \u03b2-Klotho expression and FGF19 signaling in hepatocytes","volume":"310","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.03.010","article-title":"A selectively suppressing amino acid transporter: Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 inhibits cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J., Narayan, V.P., Hong, E.Y., Whang, W.K., and Park, T. (2017). Artemisia Iwayomogi Extract Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia in Mice: Potential Involvement of the Adiponectin-AMPK Pathway and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Assembly in the Liver. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081762"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.03.013","article-title":"Wogonin ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia via PPAR\u03b1 activation in db\/db mice","volume":"33","author":"Bak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/18\/4025\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1760129545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/18\/4025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15184025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15184025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]}}}