{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:41:43Z","timestamp":1769272903781,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French national research program","award":["40007505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40007505"]}]},{"name":"FNRS","award":["40007505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40007505"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 \u00b0C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been proposed as an alternative to HoP. This study aims to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota composition in adult mice subjected to a chronic oral administration of HoP- or HHP-DM. Methods: Mice were treated by daily gavages with HoP- or HHP-DM over seven days. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed through in vivo 4 kDa FITC\u2013dextran permeability assay and mRNA expression of several tight junctions and mucins in ileum and colon. Cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota were analyzed. Results: HHP-DM mice displayed decreased intestinal permeability to FITC\u2013dextran and increased ileal mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Ocln and Cdh1) and Muc2. In the colon, mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Cdh1 and Tjp1) and of two mucins (Muc2 and Muc4) were decreased in HHP-DM mice. Cecal SCFAs and microbiota were not different between groups. Conclusions: HHP processing of DM reinforces intestinal barrier integrity in vivo without affecting gut microbiota and SCFAs production. This study reinforces previous findings showing that DM sterilization through HHP might be beneficial for the intestinal maturation of preterm infants compared with the use of HoP for the treatment of DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T02:47:52Z","timestamp":1695091672000},"page":"4043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Sterilization of Human Milk by Holder Pasteurization or by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Leads to Differential Intestinal Effects in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Digestive (IRSD), Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, CS 60039, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM\/UCLouvain, 31024 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Marousez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Van Hul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM\/UCLouvain, 31024 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute (WELRI), Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a Chantal","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children\u2019s Hospital, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"De Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, ONIRIS CS 82225, 44322 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7280-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children\u2019s Hospital, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM\/UCLouvain, 31024 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute (WELRI), Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5213-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Knauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Digestive (IRSD), Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, CS 60039, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM\/UCLouvain, 31024 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6329-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Lesage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0057","article-title":"Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Donor Human Milk to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Buckle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00053","article-title":"Recommendations for the Establishment and Operation of Human Milk Banks in Europe: A Consensus Statement From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA)","volume":"7","author":"Weaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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