{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:58:00Z","timestamp":1787590680402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bioactive molecules of medical plants as natural antioxidants, microbicides, and preservatives","award":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"]}]},{"name":"Bioactive molecules of medical plants as natural antioxidants, microbicides, and preservatives","award":["KK.01.1.1.04."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04."]}]},{"name":"Bioactive molecules of medical plants as natural antioxidants, microbicides, and preservatives","award":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"]}]},{"name":"Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion","award":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"]}]},{"name":"Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion","award":["KK.01.1.1.04."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04."]}]},{"name":"Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion","award":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"]}]},{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation","award":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04.0093"]}]},{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation","award":["KK.01.1.1.04."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.04."]}]},{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation","award":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ\/IP\/IP-2013-11-3035\/IT-PE-FF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The health benefits of polyphenols are based on their bioavailability, which is why a significant portion of research focuses on factors that affect their bioavailability. Previous studies suggest that the intake of polyphenols along with macronutrients in food represents one of the key factors influencing the bioavailability of polyphenols and, consequently, their biological activity in the organism. Since polyphenols in the human diet are mainly consumed in food together with macronutrients, this study investigated the in vivo absorption, metabolism, and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a protein-enriched diet in the organs (small intestine, liver, kidney) of C57BL\/6 mice. The bioaccumulation of polyphenol molecules, biologically available maximum concentrations of individual groups of polyphenol molecules, and their effect on the oxidative\/antioxidative status of organs were also examined. The results of this study indicate increased bioabsorption and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols (EC, EGCG) and reduced absorption kinetics of certain polyphenols from the groups of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids in the organs of C57BL\/6 mice after intragastric administration of the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins. Furthermore, subchronic intake of polyphenols from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins induces the synthesis of total glutathione (tGSH) in the liver and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and small intestine. The results of this study suggest potential applications in the development of functional foods aimed at achieving the optimal health status of the organism and the possibility of reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T21:47:03Z","timestamp":1695246423000},"page":"4066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of a High-Protein Diet Supplemented with Blackthorn Flower Extract on Polyphenol Bioavailability and Antioxidant Status in the Organs of C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0424-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vedran","family":"Balta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domagoj","family":"\u0110iki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Landeka Jur\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dyana","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5102-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Or\u0161oli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3647-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Ferara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0062-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Dilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Ljudevita Gaja 2, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Dragi\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 12 Ki\u0161pati\u0107eva St, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4179-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verica","family":"Dragovi\u0107-Uzelac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14368","article-title":"UPLC-MS2 Profiling of blackthorn flower polyphenols isolated by ultrasound-assisted extraction","volume":"83","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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