{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:50:26Z","timestamp":1781628626921,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industry-Academic Cooperation Project from ARJIL Pharmaceuticals LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Many pure compounds have been demonstrated to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effects of oral ovatodiolide and antcin K (OAK) supplements on HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mice. Cardiovascular dysfunction was induced in ApoE-knockout mice by feeding them an HFD for 12 weeks. The degree of cardiovascular dysfunction was assessed through echocardiography, hematological and biochemical analyses, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The HFD-fed mice exhibited cardiovascular dysfunction\u2014abnormal blood biochemical index. The arterial wall tissue exhibited the marked deposition of lipids, upregulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and CD36 receptors, and downregulated expression of the ABCA1 receptor. Macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity of the mice exhibited increased levels of lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species, and CD11b expression but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression of superoxide dismutase 2 was downregulated and that of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 was upregulated in the myocardial tissue. Oral OAK supplements twice a day for 12 weeks significantly mitigated HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in the experimental mice. Oral OAK supplements appear to be a promising strategy for treating HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of lipid accumulation in the artery and oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T21:47:03Z","timestamp":1695246423000},"page":"4074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alleviating Effects of Ovatodiolide and Antcin K Supplements on High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction in ApoE-Knockout Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chen-Wen","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Kim Ngan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Chuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeh-B.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARJIL Pharmaceuticals LLC, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ju","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARJIL Pharmaceuticals LLC, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx628","article-title":"European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2017","volume":"39","author":"Timmis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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