{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:44:42Z","timestamp":1792788282061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":394,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-2243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-2243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Capsaicin is a phytochemical derived from plants of the genus Capsicum and subject of intensive phytochemical research due to its numerous physiological and therapeutical effects, including its important antimicrobial properties. Depending on the concentration and the strain of the bacterium, capsaicin can exert either bacteriostatic or even bactericidal effects against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while in certain cases it can reduce their pathogenicity by a variety of mechanisms such as mitigating the release of toxins or inhibiting biofilm formation. Likewise, capsaicin has been shown to be effective against fungal pathogens, particularly Candida spp., where it once again interferes with biofilm formation. The parasites Toxoplasma gondi and Trypanosoma cruzi have been found to be susceptible to the action of this compound too while there are also viruses whose invasiveness is significantly dampened by it. Among the most encouraging findings are the prospects for future development, especially using new formulations and drug delivery mechanisms. Finally, the influence of capsaicin in somatostatin and substance P secretion and action, offers an interesting array of possibilities given that these physiologically secreted compounds modulate inflammation and immune response to a significant extent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T03:44:42Z","timestamp":1695354282000},"page":"4097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Antimicrobial Properties of Capsaicin: Available Data and Future Research Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristodemos-Theodoros","family":"Periferakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argyrios","family":"Periferakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8919-2840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Periferakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Anca","family":"Badarau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilinca","family":"Savulescu-Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Scheau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, \u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Prof. N.C. Paulescu\u2019 National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, August 26). Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-017-0985-z","article-title":"The Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance on the Human Microbiome","volume":"74","author":"Brinkac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00279-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of some coumarin containing herbal plants growing in Finland","volume":"73","author":"Ojala","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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