{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:46:58Z","timestamp":1791532018355,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anorexia nervosa is an illness affecting primarily adolescent girls and young women. Clinical guidelines recommend early intervention, with inpatient treatment for more severe cases. We present an evaluation of a multi-modal cognitive\u2013behavioral inpatient treatment (CBT-E) involving carers in specialized units for adolescents. Routine data of 962 adolescent inpatients (26 boys) (mean age 15.48 [1.26]; range 12\u201317 years) were analyzed. Predictors of good body weight outcome (achieving a discharge BMI of at least 18.5 kg\/m2) were identified by logistic regression analysis. Mean inpatient treatment lasted 96.69 (45.96) days. The BMI increased significantly from 14.93 (1.38) kg\/m2 at admission to 17.53 (1.58) kg\/m2 at discharge (z = 26.41; p &lt; 0.001; d = 1.708). Drive for thinness decreased from 29.08 (9.87) to 22.63 (9.77; z = 18.41; p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.787). All other subscores of the Eating Disorder Inventory also decreased significantly, with small to medium effect sizes. General psychopathology also showed significant decreases. The Beck Depression Inventory-II score decreased from 26.06 (11.74) to 16.35 (12.51; z = 18.41; p &lt; 0.001; d = 0.883). A good body weight outcome was predicted by a higher BMI at admission (OR = 1.828), age at onset at 15 years or higher (OR = 1.722), and higher Somatization (OR = 1.436), Anxiety (OR = 1.320), and Bulimia (OR = 1.029) scores. CBT-E involving carers is an efficient intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1696220888000},"page":"4247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Inpatient Treatment Outcome in a Large Sample of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6252-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Quadflieg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Naab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schoen Clinic Roseneck Affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich (LMU), 83209 Prien, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Schlegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schoen Clinic Roseneck Affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich (LMU), 83209 Prien, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0261-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Voderholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Schoen Clinic Roseneck Affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich (LMU), 83209 Prien, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1009-9","article-title":"Disordered eating behavior and attitudes, associated psychopathology and health-related quality of life: Results of the BELLA study","volume":"17","author":"Wille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0610-3","article-title":"Eating disorder symptoms do not just disappear: The implications of adolescent eating-disordered behavior for body weight and mental health in young adulthood","volume":"24","author":"Dempfle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2191","article-title":"Nine-year follow-up of girls with anorexia nervosa and their siblings: Retrospective perceptions of parental bonding and the influence of illness on their everyday life","volume":"21","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Publishing. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22402","article-title":"Time trends in lifetime incidence rates of first-time diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa across 16 years in a danish nationwide psychiatric registry study","volume":"48","author":"Steinhausen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.02.019","article-title":"Puberty as a critical risk period for eating disorders: A review of human and animal studies","volume":"64","author":"Klump","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Herpertz, S., Fichter, M., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Hilbert, A., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Vocks, S., and Zeeck, A. (2023, July 07). S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Behandlung der Essst\u00f6rungen. Available online: https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/051-026.html."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000377","article-title":"Hometreatment. Eine effektive Alternative zu konventionellen Behandlungsformen?","volume":"43","author":"Boege","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Kinder Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychother."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2021). Intensive treatments in adolescent anorexia nervosa. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041265"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20340","article-title":"Predictors of weight maintenance after hospital discharge in adolescent anorexia nervosa","volume":"40","author":"Casula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"14","article-title":"Inpatient cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Immediate and longer-term effects","volume":"5","author":"Calugi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godart, N.T., Berthoz, S., Curt, F., Perdereau, F., Rein, Z., Wallier, J., Horreard, A.-S., Kaganski, I., Lucet, R., and Atger, F. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of adjunctive family therapy and treatment as usual following inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa adolescents. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028249"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goddard, E., Hibbs, R., Raenker, S., Salerno, L., Arcelus, J., Boughton, N., Connan, F., Goss, K., Laszlo, B., and Morgan, J. (2013). A multi-centre cohort study of short term outcomes of hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa in the UK. BMC Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-287"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62411-3","article-title":"Day-patient treatment after short inpatient care versus continued inpatient treatment in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (ANDI): A multicentre, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial","volume":"383","author":"Schwarte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.496","article-title":"What predicts maintenance of weight for adolescents medically hospitalized for anorexia nervosa?","volume":"11","author":"Lock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1865","article-title":"Length of stay of inpatients with eating disorders","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.13109\/prkk.2007.56.2.91","article-title":"Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (DBT-AN\/BN)\u2014A pilot study","volume":"56","author":"Salbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prax. Der Kinderpsychol. Und Kinderpsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199312)14:4<487::AID-EAT2260140412>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Outcome in adolescent eating disorders","volume":"14","author":"Steinhausen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mairhofer, D., Zeiler, M., Philipp, J., Truttmann, S., Wittek, T., Skala, K., Mitterer, M., Sch\u00f6fbeck, G., Laczkovics, C., and Schwarzenberg, J. (2021). Short-Term Outcome of Inpatient Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Using DSM-5 Remission Criteria. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143190"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaite, C., B\u00fchren, K., Dahmen, B., Dempfle, A., Becker, K., Correll, C.U., Egberts, K.M., Ehrlich, S., Fleischhaker, C., and von Gontard, A. (2019). Clinical characteristics of inpatients with childhood vs. adolescent anorexia nervosa. Nutrients, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112593"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.03.034","article-title":"Drop-out from adolescent and young adult inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa","volume":"209","author":"Hubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2416","article-title":"Inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Clinical significance and predictors of treatment outcome","volume":"24","author":"Schlegl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0029-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multimodal inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa in comparison with adults: An analysis of a specialized inpatient setting","volume":"18","author":"Naab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Garner, D.M. (1991). Eating Disorder Inventory-2 Manual, Psychological Assessment Ressources."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Paul, T., and Thiel, A. (2004). Eating Disorder Inventory 2, German Version, Hogrefe."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017","article-title":"The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report","volume":"13","author":"Derogatis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Franke, G.H. (2000). BSI\u2014Brief Symptom Inventory von Derogatis (Kurzform der SCL-90-R)\u2014Deutsche Version, Hogrefe."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., and Brown, G.K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory, The Psychological Corporation. [2nd ed.]. Manual.","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0706-8","article-title":"Predictive fac-tors of length of inpatient treatment in anorexia nervosa","volume":"18","author":"Curt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.036764","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of treatments for anorexia nervosa in adolescents. Randomised controlled trial","volume":"191","author":"Gowers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2007.19.2.155","article-title":"Hospitalization of patients with eating disorders on adolescent medical units is threatened by current reimbursement systems","volume":"19","author":"Kalisvaart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.04.010","article-title":"Variations in admission practices for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A North American sampie","volume":"43","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(200005)27:4<381::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"One-year use and cost of inpatient and outpatient services among female and male patients with an eating disorder: Evidence from a national database of health insurance claims","volume":"27","author":"Leslie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E192","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20140086","article-title":"Cost analysis of inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: Hospital and caregiver perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Toulany","year":"2015","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23977","article-title":"The increase in medical admissions with anorexia nervosa during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia","volume":"56","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2755","article-title":"\u2018Therapists in action\u2019\u2014Home treatment in adolescent anorexia nervosa: A stepped care approach to shorten inpatient treatment","volume":"29","author":"Borzikowsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2808","article-title":"Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: A 1-year follow-up study","volume":"29","author":"Meule","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22840","article-title":"Outcome of childhood anorexia nervosa-The results of a five- to ten-year follow-up study","volume":"51","author":"Dempfle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22736","article-title":"Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa\u2014Results from a large clinical longitudinal study","volume":"50","author":"Fichter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199912)26:4<359::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Six-year course and outcome of anorexia nervosa","volume":"26","author":"Fichter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.3.367","article-title":"Clinical assessment of anorexia nervosa-the Morgan-Russell outcome assessment schedule","volume":"152","author":"Morgan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/19\/4247\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:03:57Z","timestamp":1760130237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/19\/4247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15194247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15194247","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]}}}