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Nitric oxide (NO) is an important determinant of vascular homeostasis, and its deficiency is associated with the progression of VD. In this study, we investigated the role of nitrite ion, a NO metabolite in a botanical mixture (BM) of fermented garlic, fermented Scutellaria baicalensis, and Rhodiola rosea on neuron loss and cognitive impairment using a VD rat model. The BM containing the NO metabolite alleviated cognitive deficits and enhanced neural plasticity, as reflected by an increase in long-term potentiation. The BM also alleviated neuron apoptosis, decreased GFAP expression, and oxidative stress, and increased parvalbumin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. These results indicate that BM exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates cognitive dysfunction while enhancing neuroplasticity, and thus has therapeutic potential against VD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T05:43:49Z","timestamp":1697435029000},"page":"4381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Botanical Mixture Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolite Enhances Neural Plasticity to Improve Cognitive Impairment in a Vascular Dementia Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7840-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China"},{"name":"Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Bum","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Non-Commissioned Officer, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koo","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00463-8","article-title":"Vascular dementia","volume":"386","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666171016164734","article-title":"Potential Therapeutics for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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