{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:48:20Z","timestamp":1792003700940,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization","award":["National Research Development Projects to finance excellence (PFE)-14 (ID 546)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Research Development Projects to finance excellence (PFE)-14 (ID 546)"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization","award":["24905\/08.11.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24905\/08.11.2021"]}]},{"name":"USAMV CN","award":["National Research Development Projects to finance excellence (PFE)-14 (ID 546)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Research Development Projects to finance excellence (PFE)-14 (ID 546)"]}]},{"name":"USAMV CN","award":["24905\/08.11.2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24905\/08.11.2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In spite of its well-known nephrotoxicity, gentamicin is nonetheless routinely used in humans and animals. However, no adjuvant treatments have been implemented to mitigate this harmful effect. Given this concern, medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of natural antioxidants that could potentially reduce the renal oxidative stress induced by gentamicin. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the nephroprotective properties of Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia fruits in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity. The 3-week study was performed on male Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into six experimental groups, being subcutaneously treated with 50 mg\/kg gentamicin and orally given Cornus mas and Sorbus aucuparia extracts, in doses of 40 mg\/kg and 10 mg\/kg, respectively. Antioxidant therapy significantly improved the nitro-oxidative stress parameters as well as the specific renal biomarkers KIM-1 and iNAG, demonstrating a considerable renal tubular protective impact. These outcomes were reinforced by biochemical and histopathological enhancements. Nevertheless, neither of the tested extracts succeeded in substantially diminishing BUN levels. Additionally, CysC did not significantly decline following extracts treatment, suggesting that the remedies did not effectively protect renal glomeruli against gentamicin stress. Future studies are required in order to determine the underlying mechanisms of these berries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:10:19Z","timestamp":1697530219000},"page":"4392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Nephroprotective Effect of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) and Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity on Wistar Rats with Emphasis on the Evaluation of Novel Renal Biomarkers and the Antioxidant Capacity in Correlation with Nitro-Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Aurori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanda","family":"Andrei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Iulia","family":"Dreanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea Georgiana","family":"Morohoschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Cotul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Niculae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Irina","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei R\u0103zvan","family":"Codea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Florin","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwiatkowska, E., Doma\u0144ski, L., Dziedziejko, V., Kajdy, A., Stefa\u0144ska, K., and Kwiatkowski, S. (2021). The Mechanism of Drug Nephrotoxicity and the Methods for Preventing Kidney Damage. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116109"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gameiro, J., Fonseca, J.A., Outerelo, C., and Lopes, J.A. (2020). Acute Kidney Injury: From Diagnosis to Prevention and Treatment Strategies. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061704"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legatti, S.A.M., El Dib, R., Legatti, E., Botan, A.G., Camargo, S.E.A., Agarwal, A., Barretti, P., and Paes, A.C. (2018). Acute kidney injury in cats and dogs: A proportional meta-analysis of case series studies. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190772"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0052-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Hoste","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarwar, S., Hossain, M.J., Irfan, N.M., Ahsan, T., Arefin, M.S., Rahman, A., Alsubaie, A., Alharthi, B., Khandaker, M.U., and Bradley, D.A. (2022). Renoprotection of Selected Antioxidant-Rich Foods (Water Spinach and Red Grape) and Probiotics in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010060"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.879","article-title":"A Review on Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Drug Classes, Clinical Management, and Recent Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Approaches","volume":"9","author":"Mody","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.12968\/coan.2015.20.3.142","article-title":"Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury","volume":"20","author":"Bird","year":"2015","journal-title":"Companion Anim."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petejova, N., Martinek, A., Zadrazil, J., Kanova, M., Klementa, V., Sigutova, R., Kacirova, I., Hrabovsky, V., Svagera, Z., and Stejskal, D. (2020). Acute Kidney Injury in Septic Patients Treated by Selected Nephrotoxic Antibiotic Agents\u2014Pathophysiology and Biomarkers\u2014A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197115"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.04.004","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: Do we have a promising therapeutic approach to blunt it?","volume":"62","author":"Balakumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bencheikh, N., Bouhrim, M., Kharchoufa, L., Al Kamaly, O.M., Mechchate, H., Es-Safi, I., Dahmani, A., Ouahhoud, S., El Assri, S., and Eto, B. (2021). The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164806"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfq267","article-title":"An Integrative Overview on the Mechanisms Underlying the Renal Tubular Cytotoxicity of Gentamicin","volume":"119","author":"Quiros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"388","article-title":"Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Randjelovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Excli J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104252","article-title":"Bioactive components and biological properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): A comprehensive review","volume":"75","author":"Bayram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiptiri-Kourpeti, A., Fitsiou, E., Spyridopoulou, K., Vasileiadis, S., Iliopoulos, C., Galanis, A., Vekiari, S., Pappa, A., and Chlichlia, K. (2019). Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of Cornus mas L. Fruit Juice. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090377"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.09.042","article-title":"Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry), an important European and Asian traditional food and medicine: Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology for its commercial utilization in drug industry","volume":"193","author":"Dinda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseinpour-Jaghdani, F., Shomali, T., Gholipour-Shahraki, S., Rahimi-Madiseh, M., and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2017). Cornus mas: A review on traditional uses and pharmacological properties. J. Complement. Integr. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2016-0137"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-019-03313-0","article-title":"Functional properties of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): A comprehensive review","volume":"245","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenuta, M.C., Deguin, B., Loizzo, M.R., Cuyamendous, C., Bonesi, M., Sicari, V., Trabalzini, L., Mitaine-Offer, A.-C., Xiao, J., and Tundis, R. (2022). An Overview of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Edible Fruits of European and Asian Cornus Species. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11091240"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzydzan, O., Brodyak, I., Struga\u0142a-Danak, P., Strach, A., Kucharska, A.Z., Gabrielska, J., and Sybirna, N. (2022). Biological Activity of Extracts of Red and Yellow Fruits of Cornus mas L.\u2014An In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Inhibitory Activity against \u03b1-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Binding Capacity to Human Serum Albumin. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072244"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antolak, H., Czyzowska, A., Saka\u010d, M., Mi\u0161an, A., \u0110uragi\u0107, O., and Kregiel, D. (2017). Phenolic Compounds Contained in Little-known Wild Fruits as Antiadhesive Agents Against the Beverage-Spoiling Bacteria Asaia spp. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081256"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha47111375","article-title":"Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenols, Total Flavonoids and Colour Component of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Wild Genotypes","volume":"47","author":"Cosmulescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.9.2531","article-title":"Cornus mas L improves Antioxidant Status in the Liver, Lung, Kidney, Testis and Brain of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Bearing Mice","volume":"21","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-018-0809-z","article-title":"Effects of Cornus mas Fruit Hydro-Methanolic Extract on Liver Antioxidants and Histopathologic Changes Induced by Cisplatin in Rats","volume":"35","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6459","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00515C","article-title":"Antidiabetic effects of extracts of red and yellow fruits of cornelian cherries (Cornus mas L.) on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Dzydzan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109310","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of the extracts isolated from the pomace of rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.)","volume":"136","author":"Grootaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutkowska, M., Kolodziejczyk-Czepas, J., and Olszewska, M.A. (2021). The Effects of Sorbus aucuparia L. Fruit Extracts on Oxidative\/Nitrative Modifications of Human Fibrinogen, Impact on Enzymatic Properties of Thrombin, and Hyaluronidase Activity In Vitro. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10122009"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristea, E., Ghendov-Mosanu, A., Patras, A., Socaciu, C., Pintea, A., Tudor, C., and Sturza, R. (2021). The Influence of Temperature, Storage Conditions, pH, and Ionic Strength on the Antioxidant Activity and Color Parameters of Rowan Berry Extracts. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133786"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110526","article-title":"Novel insight into biological activity and phytochemical composition of Sorbus aucuparia L. fruits: Fractionated extracts as inhibitors of protein glycation and oxidative\/nitrative damage of human plasma components","volume":"147","author":"Rutkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarv, V., Venskutonis, P.R., R\u00e4tsep, R., Aluvee, A., Kazernavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, R., and Bhat, R. (2021). Antioxidants Characterization of the Fruit, Juice, and Pomace of Sweet Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia L.) Cultivated in Estonia. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111779"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aurori, M., Niculae, M., Hanganu, D., Pall, E., Cenariu, M., Vodnar, D.C., Bunea, A., Fi\u0163, N., and Andrei, S. (2023). Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytoprotective Effects of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extracts. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16030420"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2020.01.006","article-title":"Grape peel powder attenuates the inflammatory and oxidative response of experimental colitis in rats by modulating the NF-\u03baB pathway and activity of antioxidant enzymes","volume":"76","author":"Maurer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"13","article-title":"Contribution to the Phytochemical Evaluation of Rowanberry Fruits (Sorbus aucuparia L.)","volume":"64","author":"Fogarasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Medica Marisiensis"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumitra\u015f, D.-A., Dreanca, A.I., Pall, E., Gal, A.F., Rus, V., Morohoschi, A.G., Cotul, M., Nan, M.I., and Andrei, S. (2022). Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Modulation of Antioxidant Activity of Rhodoxanthin Isolated from Taxus baccata Aril against B16F10 Murine Malignant Melanoma. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112264"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fo30277f","article-title":"In vivo antioxidant activity of carotenoid powder from tomato byproduct and its use as a source of carotenoids for egg-laying hens","volume":"4","author":"Xue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.02484.7","article-title":"Potential Protective Role of Beta Carotene on Cadmium Induced Brain and Kidney Damage","volume":"10","author":"Kini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2006). Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices\u2014Part 2: Animal Welfare Requirements (Standard No. ISO 10993-6)."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"AMVA Panel of Euthanasia (2020). Amva Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition, American Veterinary Medical Association."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"92","article-title":"Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase Index Activity Normal Values in Healthy Wistar Rats","volume":"75","author":"Codea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. Univ. Agric. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2001.2292","article-title":"Evaluation of Total Reactive Antioxidant Potential (TRAP) of Tissue Homogenates and Their Cytosols","volume":"388","author":"Evelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/16.3_ts.40","article-title":"An Accurate and Rapid Method for the Determination of Proteins in Small Amounts of Blood Serum and Plasma","volume":"16","author":"Weichselbaum","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Johnson-Delaney, C.A. (1996). Exotic Companion Medicine Handbook for Veterinarians, Wingers Publishing Incorporated."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218506","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1218506","article-title":"Renal mitochondrial restoration by gymnemic acid in gentamicin-mediated experimental nephrotoxicity: Evidence from serum, kidney and histopathological alterations","volume":"14","author":"Gumbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.07.003","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), amlodipine, valsartan, and losartan in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model: Biochemical, hematological and histological approaches","volume":"6","author":"Rizwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5543889","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5543889","article-title":"Aqueous Extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) Stem Bark Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers","volume":"2021","author":"Atsamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.133000","article-title":"Protective effects of Cornus mas fruit extract on carbon tetrachloride induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"24","author":"Dehghan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07465","article-title":"Cinnamic acid ameliorate gentamicin-induced liver dysfunctions and nephrotoxicity in rats through induction of antioxidant activities","volume":"7","author":"Babaeenezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.15171\/PS.2018.15","article-title":"The Effects of Cornus mas Hydro-Methanolic Extract on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats","volume":"24","author":"Vardin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2019.1649218","article-title":"Nephroprotective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Pathways","volume":"39","author":"Edeogu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0003202022","article-title":"Advantages, Limitations, and Clinical Considerations in Using Cystatin C to Estimate GFR","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13589","article-title":"The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it\u2014Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation","volume":"293","author":"Malmgren","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"484","article-title":"Pomegranate attenuates acute gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats: The potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"12","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pomegranate"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.18585\/inabj.v14i1.1766","article-title":"Ameliorative Effect of Eruca sativa seeds and its rutin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats via targeting inflammatory status, oxidative stress and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)\/cystatin c expression","volume":"14","author":"Abdelkader","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indones. Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jana, S., Mitra, P., and Roy, S. (2023). Proficient Novel Biomarkers Guide Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury: A Review. Diseases, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11010008"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad071","article-title":"Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1): A potential biomarker of acute kidney injury and tubulointerstitial injury in patients with ANCA-glomerulonephritis","volume":"16","author":"Brilland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2019.07.002","article-title":"Aqueous garlic extract supresses experimental gentamicin induced renal pathophysiology mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation and Kim-1","volume":"26","author":"Galal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442.e441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.05.001","article-title":"Role of the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase\/creatinine (NAG\/Cr) ratio in discriminating between true and false pyuria in sterile urine bag specimens","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, S.I., Fujioka, Y., Tsujino, T., Ishida, T., and Hirata, K.I. (2022). Association between urinary N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase activity\u2013urinary creatinine concentration ratio and risk of disability and all-cause mortality. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265637"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.31925\/farmacia.2019.3.2","article-title":"Melatonine and Erythropoietin Prevents Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats","volume":"67","author":"Codea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Farmacia"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"51","article-title":"Ginkgo biloba nephroprotective effects in animal models with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"31","author":"Popa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Romana Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2022.03.008","article-title":"Protective effect of Cistanche deserticola on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"12","article-title":"Effects of fruits of aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius b. on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"7","author":"Ballo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tom\u015fa, A.M., R\u0103chi\u015fan, A.L., Pandrea, S.L., Benea, A., Uif\u0103lean, A., Toma, C., Popa, R., P\u00e2rvu, A.E., and Junie, L.M. (2023). Curcumin and Vitamin C Attenuate Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Distinctive Reactive Species. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010049"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2298\/AVB0803275P","article-title":"Antioxidant status in canine cancer patients","volume":"58","author":"Plavec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.12.001","article-title":"Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with gentamicin (GENTA) nephrotoxicity and the renal function recovery after suspension of GENTA treatment in rats","volume":"24","author":"Christo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Torres, I., Manzano-Pech, L., Rubio-Ru\u00edz, M.E., Soto, M.E., and Guarner-Lans, V. (2020). Nitrosative Stress and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Disorders. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112555"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2222","article-title":"Peroxynitrite: Biochemistry, pathophysiology and development of therapeutics","volume":"6","author":"Ischiropoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.5455\/annalsmedres.2022.12.399","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of pycnogenol in gentamicin-induced liver injury in rats","volume":"30","author":"Metin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/20\/4392\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:07:57Z","timestamp":1760130477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/20\/4392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15204392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15204392","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]}}}